Image sonification

The process of converting visual information from images — such as shapes, charts, diagrams, or spatial layouts — into audio representations that can be perceived without vision. Image sonification maps visual properties like position, size, colour, and shape to audio parameters including pitch, volume, timbre, and spatial location. It enables blind and visually impaired users to explore graphical content on touchscreen devices by hearing audio feedback that changes as they move their finger across the screen. Techniques range from continuous frequency mapping (1D line scanning) to area-based on/off sound indicators (2D exploration).