Spatial Cognition

The mental processes involved in perceiving, storing, recalling, and reasoning about spatial relationships, layouts, and environments. Spatial cognition enables people to form mental maps, navigate through spaces, and understand the arrangement of objects. For people who are blind or have low vision, spatial cognition relies more heavily on tactile, auditory, and proprioceptive information rather than visual input. Tactile maps, 3D models, verbal descriptions, and physical exploration all contribute to building spatial mental representations.