Specific Learning Disability

A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the brain's ability to receive, process, store, or respond to information, resulting in significant difficulties with reading, writing, or mathematics that are not attributable to intellectual disability, sensory impairment, or lack of educational opportunity. The DSM-5 recognizes specific learning disability as a single diagnostic category with specifiers for impairments in reading (dyslexia), written expression (dysgraphia), and mathematics (dyscalculia). These conditions affect an estimated 5-15% of school-age children across languages and cultures, making early screening and accessible educational materials essential.