Orthographic Projection

A method of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions by projecting its features onto a flat plane using parallel lines perpendicular to that plane, eliminating perspective distortion. In accessibility contexts, orthographic projections (typically top, front, and side views) are used to simplify complex 3D information into comprehensible 2D representations that can be conveyed through haptic or auditory channels. This approach is particularly valuable for blind users working with 3D models, as the silhouette contours of orthographic views capture the characteristic features of a shape in a form that can be traced haptically.