Haptic Display

A device that conveys information through the sense of touch by dynamically raising and lowering physical elements (typically pins) to create tactile patterns. In accessibility, haptic displays range from single-line refreshable Braille displays used with screen readers to large pin-matrix devices like BrailleDis that can render tactile images and diagrams. Haptic displays enable blind users to access spatial and graphical information that cannot be conveyed through audio alone, such as charts, maps, page layouts, and mathematical notation. Challenges include cost, resolution limitations, portability, and the latency required for real-time tactile rendering of dynamic content.