Eye-Gaze Control

An input method that uses eye-tracking technology to detect where a user is looking and translates gaze direction into control commands for computers, wheelchairs, communication devices, and other systems. Eye-gaze control is essential for people with severe motor disabilities — such as ALS, spinal muscular atrophy, cerebral palsy, or quadriplegia — for whom eyes may be the only reliable voluntary movement available. Common interaction techniques include dwell time (holding gaze on a target to activate it), gaze regions (looking at defined screen zones), and blink or wink detection. A key design challenge is the "Midas Touch" problem — every gaze position potentially triggers an action, making it difficult to distinguish intentional commands from natural eye movements. Eye-gaze control for wheelchair navigation presents additional challenges because the eyes must simultaneously serve as both the input device and the primary means of observing the environment.