MathML

A W3C standard XML-based markup language for describing mathematical notation and capturing both its structure and content. MathML comes in two forms: presentation MathML, which describes how a formula looks (layout and visual appearance), and content MathML, which describes what a formula means (mathematical semantics). For accessibility, content MathML is particularly valuable because it allows assistive technologies to generate meaningful spoken descriptions of formulas rather than simply reading visual layout. MathML is supported by major browsers and can be rendered by libraries like MathJax. Despite its importance for STEM accessibility, many web platforms still render mathematics as images, making formulas inaccessible to screen reader users.