X3D

An ISO-standard XML-based file format and runtime architecture for representing and communicating 3D scenes and objects on the web. X3D is the successor to VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and is maintained by the Web3D Consortium. In the accessibility context, X3D is used to create and render 3D signing avatars that can perform sign language on websites, providing an alternative to pre-recorded video that allows dynamic generation of signed content. X3D integrates with the H-Anim (Humanoid Animation) standard for realistic virtual human representation and is natively supported in HTML5, making it a practical choice for web-based sign language applications.