Entity-Relationship Diagram

A type of relational diagram used in software engineering and database design to model the conceptual structure of a system by representing entities (objects or concepts), their attributes (properties), and the relationships between them. ER diagrams are widely used by system analysts and developers to plan database schemas and communicate system architecture. As visual tools, they present accessibility barriers for blind and visually impaired professionals who need to both read and create them. Research has explored audio-only interfaces using hierarchical navigation and speech feedback to make ER diagram construction accessible without visual display, enabling blind software engineers to participate fully in system design activities.