Speech-to-Sign Translation

The process of automatically converting spoken language into sign language output, typically displayed through a signing avatar or animated character. Speech-to-sign translation involves three major components: automatic speech recognition to convert audio to text or semantic representations, language translation to map between the grammar and structure of the spoken language and the target sign language, and sign synthesis to generate the visual sign output. Because spoken languages and sign languages have fundamentally different grammatical structures, direct word-for-sign translation is inadequate — effective systems must account for sign language's spatial grammar, non-manual features such as facial expressions, and simultaneous multi-channel communication.