BrainGate

A long-running multi-site clinical trial program (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00912041) that evaluates implantable intracortical brain-computer interfaces in people with paralysis from spinal cord injury, ALS, brainstem stroke, and other neurological conditions. Participants receive one or more 64- or 96-channel microelectrode arrays implanted in motor or speech cortex and use the resulting neural signals to control computer cursors, robotic arms, communication interfaces, and speech decoders. BrainGate is the source of many landmark accessibility and neurotechnology results, including high-performance handwriting decoding, conversational-rate speech synthesis, and multi-year at-home BCI use. It is a foundational reference point for any work on implanted BCIs as assistive technology.