Execution Gap

From Don Norman's model of human-computer interaction, the distance between a user's goals and the physical actions required to achieve them using a given system. A system with a wide execution gap forces users to translate what they want into technical commands, parameters, or syntax; a system with a narrow execution gap lets users express intent directly and have the system map it to action. In accessibility research, LLMs and natural-language interfaces are framed as execution-gap reducers — especially for users (e.g., blind and low-vision people, people with motor or cognitive disabilities) who face compounded barriers to using technical command languages or conventional GUIs.