Glossary

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BERT(also: Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)

A natural language processing model developed by Google that uses bidirectional training to understand context from both directions in a sentence. BERT and its variants like SBERT (Sentence-BERT) are increasingly used in accessibility applications for tasks such as automatic…

Be My AI

An AI-powered feature within the Be My Eyes app that uses GPT-4o to provide on-demand image descriptions for blind and low vision users. Users can take a photo or upload an image and receive a detailed AI-generated description, replacing the need to connect with a sighted…

Benchmark dataset(also: Evaluation dataset, Test benchmark)

A standardized dataset used to evaluate and compare the performance of AI models, algorithms, or systems against established baselines. In accessibility, the absence of benchmark datasets that include people with disabilities means disparate performance across disability…

Bi-Directional Alignment(also: Two-Way Alignment, Mutual Alignment)

An approach to human-AI interaction design that addresses alignment from both directions: not only adapting AI systems to match human values and preferences, but also helping humans understand, direct, and correct AI system behaviour. Traditional AI alignment focuses solely on…

Bias Benchmarking Questionnaire(also: BBQ)

A standardized dataset used in AI fairness research to evaluate social biases in language models. The BBQ consists of carefully crafted context-question pairs designed to test whether models exhibit stereotypical associations related to age, gender, race, disability, and other…

Bias Mitigation(also: Algorithmic Fairness, Debiasing)

The process of identifying and reducing systematic errors or prejudices in AI systems, datasets, and algorithms that lead to unfair outcomes for particular groups of people. In accessibility, bias mitigation is critical because AI training datasets often underrepresent people…

Biometric System(also: Biometric Technology, Biometric Identification)

A technology system that uses innate human physical or behavioral characteristics — such as facial features, fingerprints, voice patterns, gait, or iris patterns — to identify or verify a person's identity. Biometric systems pose particular risks for people with disabilities…

Black Box Model(also: Opaque Model)

A machine-learning model whose internal workings are not directly inspectable or interpretable by a human, either because the model is architecturally complex (deep neural networks, large language models) or because it is proprietary and the developer does not disclose its…

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