Glossary

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Interactive Description(also: Dynamic Description)

A design approach for providing accessible descriptions of interactive digital content that updates in real time as users navigate and manipulate elements. Unlike static alternative text, interactive descriptions consist of two complementary structures: state descriptions that…

Interactive Task Guidance(also: Task Guidance System, Step-by-Step Task Support, Task Prompting)

Interactive task guidance is a form of cognitive assistive technology that provides real-time, step-by-step instructions to help individuals with cognitive impairments complete multi-step daily activities. Unlike simple reminder systems that only alert users to start a task,…

Interactive Voice Response(also: IVR, Voice Response System)

A telephony technology that allows users to interact with automated systems using voice commands or keypad input. IVR systems are particularly valuable for accessibility in low-income settings because they work with any phone (including basic feature phones), require no internet…

Interdependence Framework(also: Interdependence in Assistive Technology)

A theoretical framework in assistive technology design that challenges the traditional emphasis on individual independence as the primary goal of accessibility. The Interdependence Framework, introduced by Bennett et al., positions assistive technologies as emerging from mutual…

Interest-Based Personalisation(also: Interest-Based Customization, Special Interest Embedding)

A software design strategy in which content, visuals, or activities are customised to reflect a user's personal interests or preferences in order to increase engagement and motivation. In the context of autism and developmental disabilities, interest-based personalisation…

Internet Voting(also: E-Voting, Electronic Voting, i-Voting)

Internet voting (also known as e-voting or i-voting) is the casting and counting of votes via internet-connected systems, enabling voters to participate in elections from any location without attending a physical polling station. For accessibility, internet voting is significant…

Intersection Detection(also: Junction detection, Corridor intersection recognition)

A computer-vision or sensor-fusion technique used in indoor navigation systems for blind travellers to identify where two or more walkable corridors meet, so the navigation software can update the user's position on a map and issue a turn instruction at the right moment.…

Intracortical BCI(also: iBCI, Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface)

A brain-computer interface that records neural activity directly from inside the cerebral cortex, typically using surgically implanted microelectrode arrays such as the Utah array. Compared with non-invasive EEG-based BCIs, intracortical BCIs offer dramatically higher…

Isotonic Joystick(also: Displacement Joystick, Free-Moving Joystick)

An isotonic joystick is a type of joystick input device that moves freely in response to applied force and returns to a centre position when released. Unlike isometric (force-sensing) joysticks that remain stationary and measure the pressure applied, isotonic joysticks…

Iterative Crowdsourcing(also: Iterative Human Computation, Multi-Round Crowdsourcing)

A human computation workflow in which multiple rounds of crowd workers build iteratively upon each other's responses to collectively achieve higher quality results than any individual worker could produce alone. In each iteration, workers are shown the previous round's outputs…