Glossary

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Meal Assistance Technology(also: Dining Assistance Technology, Food Accessibility Technology)

Assistive technologies designed to help people with disabilities identify, locate, and consume food independently during mealtimes. For people with visual impairments, these systems may use computer vision to recognize dishes, voice interfaces to provide information about food…

Mixed-Visual Ability(also: diverse visual abilities, mixed-visual-ability team)

Mixed-visual ability refers to teams or workplace settings that include members with a range of visual abilities, including sighted individuals, people with low vision, and people who are blind. The concept emphasizes that visual ability is not binary and that effective…

Mobile Virtual Reality(also: Mobile VR, Smartphone VR)

Virtual reality systems delivered through a smartphone and consumer-grade accessories (wireless headphones, simple hand-held mounts) rather than a dedicated head-mounted display and PC rig. For accessibility, mobile VR is significant because it uses devices that blind and…

Mobility and Orientation Trainer(also: MOT, Orientation and Mobility Specialist, O&M Specialist)

A qualified professional who teaches orientation and mobility (O&M) skills to blind and partially sighted people, enabling safe and independent travel. MOTs assess individual needs and deliver personalized training that progresses from indoor navigation to outdoor route…

Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity(also: MVPA)

A classification of exercise intensity used in public health guidelines that encompasses physical activity raising heart rate to 60-80% or more of heart rate reserve. MVPA is the threshold recommended by health organizations for meaningful health benefits including…

Monarch(also: Monarch Tactile Display, Dynamic Tactile Device)

The Monarch is a multi-line refreshable tactile display developed by HumanWare and the American Printing House for the Blind, representing a significant advancement in tactile display technology. Unlike traditional single-line refreshable Braille displays that show only one row…

Movement Sonification(also: Motion Sonification)

The practice of mapping qualities of physical movement - such as speed, direction, duration, or weight - to non-verbal sound cues so that movement can be perceived auditorily. In accessibility contexts, movement sonification can convey information about body motion to blind and…

Music Haptics(also: Musical Haptics, Haptic Music)

The use of touch-based feedback — including vibrations, textures, and force — to convey musical information such as pitch, tempo, timbre, articulation, dynamics, and rhythm. Music haptics draws on the fact that haptic receptors in the skin, muscles, and joints naturally relay…

Music Pedagogy(also: Music Education, Music Teaching)

The theory and practice of teaching and learning music, including methods for instruction, curriculum design, and assessment. In accessibility contexts, music pedagogy for blind and low vision learners faces significant challenges: most music teachers have little knowledge of…

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