Glossary

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Beep Baseball(also: Beepball)

An adapted version of baseball designed for players who are blind or visually impaired. The game uses an oversized softball containing electronic beepers that emit sound, and bases that buzz when activated to indicate the target. Batters attempt to hit the beeping ball and run…

Blind Hockey(also: Visually Impaired Hockey, VI Hockey)

An adapted form of ice hockey designed for players who are blind or have low vision. The sport uses a larger, oversized puck containing ball bearings that rattle when the puck moves, allowing players to track it by sound. Players are classified by vision level, with some wearing…

Blind Navigation(also: Non-visual navigation, Navigation for blind people)

The subfield of navigation research and assistive technology that addresses how people who are blind or have low vision find their way through indoor and outdoor environments without relying on sight. Solutions range from the white cane and guide dog to smartphone apps, BLE…

Blind Photography(also: Photography by Blind People)

The practice of photography by individuals who are blind or have low vision, challenging assumptions that photography is an exclusively visual medium. Blind photographers use a range of strategies including spatial memory, sound cues, tactile markers, AI-powered camera…

Braille(also: Braille System, Braille Code)

A tactile writing system used by people who are blind or have low vision, consisting of patterns of raised dots arranged in cells of up to six dots in a 3x2 configuration. Each cell represents a letter, number, punctuation mark, or other symbol. Developed by Louis Braille in…

Braille Music(also: Braille Music Notation, Music Braille)

A tactile system for encoding Western music notation using the same six-dot cells as literary Braille. Braille Music is read through touch rather than sight, making it particularly useful for blind musicians. However, it has a steep learning curve, requires prior knowledge of…

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