Glossary
Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.
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- PVI(also: People with Visual Impairments, Person with Visual Impairment, Persons with Visual Impairments)
- An abbreviation widely used in HCI and accessibility research for "people with visual impairments," a person-first umbrella term that includes people who are blind, legally blind, or have low vision. PVI is often used interchangeably with BVI ("blind and visually impaired") and…
- Page Fragmentation(also: Visual Fragmentation, Content Fragmentation)
- A web accessibility problem where different types of content on a web page (news articles, advertisements, navigation menus, related links) are visually grouped using colours, spacing, images, and layout but lack structural markup that would allow non-visual users to identify…
- Palm Drawing(also: Palm Mapping, Palm Tracing)
- A technique used by Orientation and Mobility (O&M) specialists to teach routes to people who are blind or have low vision. The instructor holds the person's palm face up and traces the path of a route with their finger while simultaneously providing verbal instructions. This…
- Parents with Visual Impairments(also: PVI, Blind Parents, Visually Impaired Parents)
- Parents with visual impairments (PVI) are blind or low-vision adults raising children, who are often sighted. PVI face distinctive parenting challenges that go beyond individual functional compensation: supporting children's visually-driven exploration (pointing, gaze, shared…
- Peripersonal Space(also: Near space, Reaching space)
- The area immediately surrounding the body that is within arm's reach, typically extending about 60-70 cm from the body. Peripersonal space is significant in accessibility because blind and visually impaired children often have delayed development of spatial awareness within this…
- Personal Safety Management(also: PSM)
- Personal Safety Management refers to the informed, agential, and proactive participation of an individual in maintaining their own physical safety. Coined in accessibility research by Branham et al. (2017), the concept highlights how people with disabilities — particularly those…
- Personalized Object Recognition(also: Teachable Object Recognition)
- A class of computer vision systems that allow an individual user — typically someone who is blind or has low vision — to train their device to recognize a small set of personally relevant objects (a specific coffee mug, a particular set of keys, a favourite notebook) by…
- Photo Sharing(also: Photograph Sharing, Image Sharing)
- The activity of showing, distributing, or discussing photographs with others — in person, via email, or through social-networking platforms. As a social practice it conveys memories, experiences, and identity; as an accessibility concern it presents barriers for blind and…
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