Glossary

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Tactile Captions(also: Haptic Captions, Vibrotactile Captions)

An enhanced captioning approach that supplements traditional text-based captions with vibrotactile feedback, allowing deaf and hard of hearing viewers to feel non-speech sounds (such as phone rings, doorbells, footsteps, or objects falling) through a wrist-worn or body-worn…

Teletext(also: Ceefax, Oracle)

A text-based information service broadcast within the television signal that allowed viewers to access pages of text and simple graphics using their TV remote control. Originating in the UK with the BBC's Ceefax service in 1974, teletext provided news, weather, sports results,…

Text Alignment(also: Sequence Alignment, Transcript Alignment)

The process of matching corresponding segments between two or more text sequences that represent the same content but may differ in timing, wording, or structure. In captioning systems, text alignment is used to synchronize parallel transcription streams — such as…

Tracked Captions(also: Speaker-following captions, Dynamic captions)

Captions that move dynamically within the video frame to stay near the current speaker's face or mouth, rather than remaining anchored at a fixed position (typically the bottom of the video). Tracked captions reduce the visual effort required for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing viewers…

Transcript(also: Text Transcript, Video Transcript, Audio Transcript)

A written document containing the complete text of spoken content from a video or audio recording, presented separately from the media rather than synchronized with it. Unlike captions, which appear on-screen in real time as speech occurs, transcripts provide all text at once,…

Transcription(also: Speech-to-Text Transcription, Real-Time Transcription)

The process of converting spoken language into written text, either in real time or after the fact. In accessibility contexts, transcription services provide communication access for deaf and hard of hearing individuals by producing text versions of spoken content in classrooms,…

Transcripts(also: Transcript, Text Transcript)

A written, text-based representation of spoken audio or audiovisual content. WCAG 2.1 success criterion 1.2.1 (Audio-only and Video-only Prerecorded) requires an alternative for time-based media — typically a transcript — for pre-recorded audio-only content such as podcasts,…

Typographic Modulation(also: Typographic Variation, Dynamic Typography)

Systematic variation of a typeface's visual parameters — weight, width, slant, size, colour, letter spacing, baseline shift, opacity — to carry information beyond the literal words, typically driven by an external signal such as speech pitch, loudness, emotional arousal, or…

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