Glossary

Search results

Challenging Behavior(also: Problem Behavior, Behaviors of Concern)

Actions by individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities that pose risks to themselves or others, or significantly interfere with daily activities and learning. In the context of autism, challenging behaviors are often classified into categories such as…

Chiari Malformation(also: Arnold-Chiari Malformation)

A structural condition in which brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, which can cause a range of neurological symptoms including headaches, balance issues, and vision problems such as blurred or double vision, nystagmus, and reduced contrast sensitivity. Digital…

Co-contraction(also: Unintended Co-contraction, Muscle Co-activation)

The simultaneous activation of antagonistic muscles — for example, the biceps and triceps firing at the same time. Some co-contraction is normal and useful for joint stability, but involuntary or excessive co-contraction is common in conditions such as spasticity, cerebral…

Co-morbidity(also: Comorbidity, Co-occurring Conditions, Multiple Disabilities)

The simultaneous presence of two or more medical conditions or disabilities in a single individual. In accessibility contexts, co-morbidity is a critical design consideration because many users, particularly older adults, experience multiple impairments simultaneously — for…

Cognitive Disability(also: Cognitive Impairment, Intellectual and Cognitive Disability)

A broad category of disabilities affecting cognitive functions such as memory, attention, problem-solving, reading, language comprehension, and executive function. Cognitive disabilities can be developmental (such as Down Syndrome or Autism Spectrum Disorder), acquired (such as…

Cognitive Dysfunction(also: Cognitive Impairment, Cognitive Disability)

A broad term encompassing conditions that affect cognitive functions such as memory, attention, problem-solving, learning, language, and executive function. Cognitive dysfunction ranges from mild impairments (age-related memory decline, mild cognitive impairment) to major…

Cone Dystrophy(also: Cone-Rod Dystrophy)

A group of inherited eye disorders that affect the cone cells in the retina, which are responsible for color vision, central vision, and visual acuity in well-lit conditions. People with cone dystrophy typically experience progressive loss of color vision, decreased visual…

7 results.