Glossary

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Language Impairment(also: Language Disorder, Language Disability)

A reduced ability to understand or produce spoken, written, or signed language that is not due to hearing loss, intellectual disability, or lack of exposure to language. Language impairments can be developmental (present from childhood) or acquired (resulting from brain injury…

Late-Life Disability(also: Age-Related Disability, Acquired Age-Related Disability)

Disability that develops gradually as a person ages, including changes in vision, hearing, motor control, and cognition. Unlike disabilities present from birth or acquired through injury, late-life disabilities often develop incrementally, and individuals may not identify as…

Legal Blindness(also: Legally Blind)

A level of vision loss defined in many countries as visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with best correction, or a visual field of 20 degrees or less. Legal blindness does not necessarily mean total blindness — many legally blind people have some residual or…

Light Sensitivity(also: Photophobia, Photosensitivity)

An abnormal sensitivity to light that causes discomfort, pain, or visual disruption. Many people with low vision experience light sensitivity, which can be exacerbated by bright overhead lighting, backlit screens, glare from reflective surfaces, and high-contrast environments.…

Locked-In Syndrome(also: LIS, Pseudocoma)

Locked-in syndrome is a rare neurological condition in which a person is fully conscious and cognitively aware but unable to move or speak due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles, often resulting from a brainstem stroke or injury. People with locked-in syndrome…

Low Vision(also: Partial Sight, Visual Impairment)

A visual condition in which a person has significant vision loss that cannot be fully corrected with glasses, contact lenses, medication, or surgery, but retains some usable vision. People with low vision may have reduced visual acuity, limited field of vision, or difficulty…

Low-Incidence Disability(also: Low-Prevalence Disability)

A disability that occurs relatively rarely in the general population, such as blindness, deafblindness, or certain developmental conditions. Low-incidence disabilities present unique challenges for research, education, and technology development because affected individuals are…

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