Glossary

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Iceberg Theory of Stuttering(also: Sheehan's iceberg)

A model proposed by Joseph Sheehan (1970) describing stuttering as an iceberg whose visible behaviours - blocks, repetitions, prolongations - are only a small fraction above the waterline. The much larger hidden portion comprises cognitive and affective reactions: avoidance,…

Identity Management

The ongoing process of controlling how one presents aspects of their identity—including disability, health conditions, gender, sexuality, occupation, and other characteristics—across different social contexts and to different stakeholders. In accessibility and disability…

Identity Obfuscation

The deliberate concealment or misrepresentation of aspects of one's identity to avoid discrimination, harm, or negative consequences from adversarial stakeholders. In disability and accessibility contexts, identity obfuscation may involve hiding a disability from employers,…

Interdependence Framework(also: Interdependence in Assistive Technology)

A theoretical framework in assistive technology design that challenges the traditional emphasis on individual independence as the primary goal of accessibility. The Interdependence Framework, introduced by Bennett et al., positions assistive technologies as emerging from mutual…

Interdependent Accessibility(also: Interdependence Framework, Access Interdependence)

A framework for understanding accessibility as a collective, co-created responsibility rather than an individual accommodation. Interdependent accessibility recognizes that access is produced through relationships and collaboration between disabled and non-disabled people,…

Internalized Ableism(also: Internal Ableism, Self-Ableism)

The process by which disabled individuals absorb and internalize society's negative attitudes, stereotypes, and devaluation of disability, leading to feelings of shame, self-doubt, or a desire to hide or overcome their disability. Internalized ableism can cause disabled people…

Intersectionality

A framework for understanding how different aspects of a person's identity — including disability, race, gender, class, immigration status, language, and age — interact to create unique experiences of privilege or disadvantage that cannot be understood by examining any single…

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