Glossary

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L1 and L2 Language Learners(also: First Language Learner, Second Language Learner, Native Signer)

In language pedagogy, L1 refers to a learner's first or native language and L2 to a language learned after L1 is established. In ASL education, L1 learners are typically Deaf children of Deaf parents who acquire ASL as their first language, while L2 learners are most commonly…

Receptive and Expressive Skills(also: Receptive Signing, Expressive Signing, Receptive Skills)

In language learning, receptive skills are the ability to understand a language — reading and listening in spoken languages, watching and comprehending signing in sign languages — while expressive skills are the ability to produce the language. For sign-language learners,…

World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages(also: ACTFL World-Readiness Standards, WRSLL, 5 Cs of Foreign Language Education)

A set of US national standards for language education published by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL). The standards are organised around five goal areas — Communication, Cultures, Connections, Comparisons, and Communities (the "5 Cs") — and apply…

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