Glossary
Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.
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- Word Embedding(also: Word Vector, Distributed Word Representation)
- A technique in natural language processing that represents words as numerical vectors in a multi-dimensional space, where words with similar meanings are positioned closer together. Word embeddings enable computers to understand semantic relationships between words, which…
- Word Frequency(also: Lexical Frequency)
- A measure of how often a word occurs in a given language or text corpus. High-frequency words like common function words are encountered regularly and recognized quickly, while low-frequency words are rarer and require more cognitive effort to process. Word frequency…
- Word Lattice(also: Recognition Lattice, Speech Lattice)
- A graph data structure produced by a speech recognizer that represents multiple competing word hypotheses explored during recognition, along with their acoustic and language model scores. Each path through the lattice represents a possible transcription of the spoken input. Word…
- Word Prediction(also: Predictive Text, Word Completion)
- A text input feature that suggests complete words based on the characters already typed, using language models to anticipate the most likely intended word. In assistive technology, word prediction is particularly valuable for single-switch users and people with motor…
- Word importance(also: Lexical importance, Information content)
- A measure of how critical a specific word is to the overall meaning of a sentence, typically computed using neural language models that estimate how predictable a word is from its context. In captioning evaluation, word importance helps determine the impact of ASR errors:…
- Word sense disambiguation(also: WSD)
- A natural language processing task that determines which meaning of a word is being used in a given context when the word has multiple possible meanings (polysemy). In accessibility applications, particularly automatic text simplification, WSD is essential for lexical…
- WordNet
- A large-scale electronic lexical database of the English language developed at Princeton University, in which nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are grouped into sets of cognitive synonyms (synsets) linked by semantic and lexical relations. WordNet is designed to model how…
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