Glossary
Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.
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- NFC Tag(also: Near Field Communication Tag, NFC)
- An NFC (Near Field Communication) tag is a small, unpowered chip that can transmit data to a compatible smartphone or device when held within a few centimeters. In accessibility contexts, NFC tags are used in museums, galleries, and public spaces to provide on-demand information…
- NavCog(also: Navigational Cognitive Assistant)
- A Bluetooth beacon-based navigation system developed at Carnegie Mellon University that provides indoor turn-by-turn navigation assistance and environmental information to blind and visually impaired users via smartphone. NavCog works by detecting BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy)…
- Navigation
- The task of moving through an environment to reach a destination, encompassing route planning, mode selection, real-time decision-making, and responding to obstacles. In accessibility research, navigation is often paired with wayfinding (the embodied, situated practice of…
- Navigation Axis(also: Multi-Axial Navigation, Axis-Based Navigation)
- A navigation axis is a concept from screen reader research describing a specific linear serialization of a subset of web page elements that represents one navigation strategy. Rather than forcing blind users through a single reading order (the DOM order), a multi-axial…
- Non-Visual Exploration(also: Non-Visual Interaction, Non-Visual Scanning)
- The process by which blind or visually impaired people gather information about their physical environment, documents, or interfaces without relying on sight. Non-visual exploration combines multiple strategies including touch, audio feedback, spatial memory, contextual…
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