Glossary

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Obstacle Avoidance(also: Obstacle Detection)

The ability to detect and navigate around physical barriers in one's path, a critical mobility skill for blind and visually impaired people. Traditional obstacle avoidance relies on long cane techniques (sweeping the cane side to side to detect ground-level hazards) and guide…

Obstacle Detection(also: Obstacle Avoidance)

Technology or techniques that identify physical barriers in a person's path and alert them in time to take corrective action. For people who are blind or visually impaired, obstacle detection systems use sensors (ultrasonic, infrared, LiDAR, or camera-based) embedded in devices…

Occupancy Grid Map(also: 2D occupancy grid, Grid map)

A representation of an environment as a grid of cells, where each cell is labelled as walkable (free space), non-walkable (obstacle or wall), or unknown. Occupancy grid maps are a standard data structure in robotics and are increasingly used in blind-navigation systems built on…

OpenStreetMap(also: OSM)

A free, collaborative, open-source mapping project that provides geographic data including roads, buildings, and points of interest, contributed and maintained by volunteers worldwide. OpenStreetMap is significant for accessibility because its open data can be freely used to…

Over-rotation(also: Rotation overshoot, Turn overshoot)

The phenomenon where a person rotates beyond a target heading angle when following a turn instruction, typically caused by the delay between perceiving a stop signal and physically halting the rotation. In navigation assistance for blind users, over-rotation is a systematic…

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