Glossary

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Scotopic Sensitivity(also: Irlen Syndrome, Visual Stress, Meares-Irlen Syndrome)

A visual-perceptual condition in which certain wavelengths of light cause discomfort, distortion, or difficulty when reading. People with scotopic sensitivity may experience text appearing to shimmer, move, or blur on the page, particularly with high-contrast black text on white…

Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome(also: Irlen Syndrome, Visual Stress, Meares-Irlen Syndrome)

A perceptual processing condition in which the brain has difficulty handling certain visual information, particularly high-contrast patterns like black text on a bright white background. People with scotopic sensitivity may experience text appearing to move, shimmer, or blur on…

Sign Language Video(also: Sign Language Interpretation Video)

Pre-recorded or live video content presenting information in sign language, used to augment or replace written text for deaf and hard of hearing users. In reading support contexts, sign language videos have been explored as visual augmentations to text, providing sign…

Simple View of Reading(also: SVR)

An influential reading model proposed by Gough and Tunmer that defines reading comprehension as the product of two components: decoding ability (D) and language comprehension (L), expressed as RC = D × L. This model suggests that reading difficulties can stem from problems with…

Skimming(also: Scanning, Speed Reading, Content Skimming)

Skimming is a speed-reading technique in which a reader quickly glances through text to get the general idea or gist without reading every word. Sighted readers skim by scanning headlines, bold text, first sentences of paragraphs, and visually prominent content. For blind and…

Skimming Interface(also: Skim Reading Tool, Speed Reading Interface)

A technology interface designed to help users quickly scan and identify relevant content within a text without reading every word. Skimming interfaces have been particularly explored for blind and low vision users who use screen readers, where linear reading can be extremely…

Speed-Comprehension Trade-off(also: Speed-Accuracy Trade-off in Reading)

An empirical pattern in readability research: typographic, layout, and presentation choices that increase reading speed often reduce comprehension accuracy, and vice versa. For example, sans-serif faces and shorter line lengths tend to support faster reading but may yield lower…

Surface Dyslexia

A subtype of dyslexia characterized by difficulty with whole-word recognition and irregular word reading, often resulting in confusion with homophonic or pseudo-homophonic words (such as "weather" and "whether"). People with surface dyslexia can typically sound out words using…

Syntactic Simplification(also: Sentence Simplification)

A form of text simplification that restructures complex sentences into simpler grammatical forms, such as splitting compound sentences, converting passive voice to active voice, or resolving relative clauses. Syntactic simplification reduces the cognitive load of parsing…

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