Glossary

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Ecological Systems Theory(also: Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model, Bioecological Model)

A developmental psychology framework created by Urie Bronfenbrenner that describes how individuals are influenced by multiple nested environmental systems: the microsystem (immediate settings like home and work), mesosystem (connections between microsystems), exosystem (indirect…

Electrodermal Activity(also: EDA, Galvanic Skin Response, GSR)

The variation of electrical conductance in the skin caused by sweat gland activity, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. EDA is used as a physiological measure of emotional arousal and stress, with applications in accessibility research for understanding the…

Embodied Knowledge(also: Embodied expertise, Lived knowledge)

Knowledge that is grounded in bodily experience rather than externally observable behaviour or abstract rule - the kind of knowing a person who stutters has about the tension before a block, a blind person has about which photo crops preserve meaning, or a Deaf signer has about…

Ethnography(also: Ethnographic Research, Ethnographic Methods)

A qualitative research methodology originating in anthropology that involves observing people in their natural environments to understand their behaviours, practices, and social interactions in context. In accessibility research, ethnographic methods such as participant…

Ethnomethodology

A sociological approach, founded by Harold Garfinkel, that studies the everyday methods people use to make sense of and produce social order in interaction - the implicit rules and shared practices through which we treat ordinary situations as ordinary. Conversation analysis…

Evaluator Effect

The evaluator effect refers to the phenomenon where different accessibility evaluators identify different sets of problems when assessing the same website, leading to variability in evaluation results. This effect has been documented in both expert reviews and user testing,…

Experience-Based Co-Design(also: EBCD)

A participatory methodology originally developed in UK health services research that treats people's lived experience - their 'emotional touch-points' of confusion, frustration, or insight - as the core material for designing services or systems. Canonical EBCD stages include…

Experiential learning(also: Learning by doing, Experience-based learning)

Experiential learning is a pedagogical approach in which knowledge and skills are acquired through direct, concrete experience rather than passive instruction. Grounded in theories by Kolb and others, it involves a cycle of experiencing, reflecting, conceptualising, and…

Explanatory Sequential Design(also: Sequential Explanatory Design, QUAN → QUAL)

A mixed-methods research design in which a quantitative phase is conducted first — typically a survey or other structured measurement — and its results are then used to guide a follow-up qualitative phase (often semi-structured interviews) that explores or explains the…

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