Glossary

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Screen Reader Proxy

An interface that sits between an automated agent or testing tool and an application, translating programmatic inputs (swipe, double-tap, type) into genuine screen reader gestures and capturing the resulting announcements as structured transcripts. Unlike driving an app via its…

Screen Reader/2(also: IBM Screen Reader/2, SR/2)

Screen Reader/2 was an early screen reader developed by IBM for the OS/2 operating system, first released in the early 1990s. It was one of the pioneering commercial screen readers, providing blind and visually impaired users with text-to-speech and audio output to access…

Screen Recognition

A computer vision feature in Apple's VoiceOver screen reader that automatically interprets the pixels of a graphical user interface to identify and label interactive elements when applications have not properly implemented accessibility APIs. Screen Recognition analyses the…

Self-Voicing Interface(also: Self-Voicing, Self-Voicing Application)

A software application or interface that includes its own built-in speech output capability, rather than relying on a separate screen reader to interpret and voice its content. Self-voicing interfaces generate speech directly, giving them greater control over what is spoken and…

Skimming(also: Scanning, Speed Reading, Content Skimming)

Skimming is a speed-reading technique in which a reader quickly glances through text to get the general idea or gist without reading every word. Sighted readers skim by scanning headlines, bold text, first sentences of paragraphs, and visually prominent content. For blind and…

Speech-Based Navigation(also: Audio Navigation, Speech-Based Web Navigation)

A method of navigating digital content, particularly web pages, using synthesised speech output rather than visual display. In speech-based navigation, users listen to content read aloud sequentially and use keyboard commands to move between elements. This approach is inherently…

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