Glossary

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Landmark Extraction(also: Keypoint Detection, Skeletal Tracking)

A computer vision technique that identifies and tracks specific anatomical points (landmarks or keypoints) on the human body, hands, and face from images or video. In sign language technology, landmark extraction is a critical preprocessing step that converts raw video into…

Languaging

A sociolinguistic concept that reframes language as an ongoing activity rather than a fixed system. Developed by scholars including Alastair Pennycook and Li Wei, languaging treats communication as the dynamic use of all available linguistic and semiotic resources — words,…

Langue des Signes Québécoise(also: LSQ, Quebec Sign Language)

The sign language used by the Deaf community in francophone Quebec and in francophone Deaf communities elsewhere in Canada. LSQ is a distinct natural language with its own grammar, lexicon, and cultural tradition — not a signed version of French — and developed historically from…

Lexical NMS(also: Lexical Non-Manual Sign)

Non-manual signs that are an integral part of a specific sign's production, required to distinguish it from other signs that share the same manual component. For example, the ASL sign for "NOT YET" includes a hand gesture combined with the tongue touching the lower lip and a…

Libras(also: Brazilian Sign Language, Língua Brasileira de Sinais)

The official sign language of the Deaf community in Brazil, recognized by Brazilian federal law (Law No. 10.436/2002) as a legitimate means of communication and expression. Libras has its own grammar, syntax, and linguistic structure distinct from spoken Brazilian Portuguese. It…

Low-Resource Sign Language

A sign language for which standardised corpora, training data, technical infrastructure, and institutional support are limited compared to 'high-resource' sign languages like American Sign Language (ASL) or German Sign Language (DGS). Low-resource sign languages — such as Bangla…

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