Glossary

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Barcode(also: Bar Code, QR Code, 1D Barcode)

A barcode is a machine-readable visual encoding of data — linear (one-dimensional, such as UPC or EAN) or matrix (two-dimensional, such as QR or DataMatrix codes). In a digital accessibility context, barcodes are commonly used as a lightweight way to attach identifying or…

Blind and Low Vision(also: BLV, Vision Impairment, Visual Impairment)

A broad term encompassing the spectrum of vision loss from partial sight (low vision) to complete blindness. People who are blind or have low vision experience varying degrees of visual function, and their technology needs differ accordingly. Low vision users may benefit from…

Bone Conduction Headset(also: Bone Conduction Headphones, Bone Conduction Audio)

An audio device that transmits sound vibrations through the bones of the skull directly to the inner ear, bypassing the outer and middle ear and leaving the ear canal open. For people who are blind or have low vision, bone conduction headsets are particularly valuable during…

Braille Slate and Stylus(also: Slate and Stylus, Braille Writing Frame)

A low-cost, portable tool for writing Braille by hand, consisting of a hinged metal or plastic template (slate) with rows of cells and a pointed tool (stylus) used to press dots into paper from the reverse side. The slate and stylus is the most common and affordable Braille…

Braille Textbook(also: Braille Book, Braille Edition)

A textbook transcribed into Braille for use by students and teachers who are blind. Braille textbooks are significantly larger and more expensive to produce than print textbooks, often requiring multiple volumes for a single print book. In India, government-provided Braille…

Brailler(also: Braille Writer, Perkins Brailler)

A mechanical or electronic device for writing Braille, functioning similarly to a typewriter with six keys corresponding to the six dots of a Braille cell. Braillers are significantly faster and easier to use than a slate and stylus, and produce immediately readable output…

Brightness Contrast(also: Luminance Contrast, Perceived Brightness Difference)

The difference in perceived brightness between two colors, typically between text and its background. Brightness contrast is a key factor in readability, especially for people with low vision, color vision deficiencies, or those viewing content in challenging lighting…

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