Glossary

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Tactile Aid(also: Tactile Learning Aid, Tactile Tool)

A physical object designed to convey information through touch, used to make visual or abstract concepts accessible to people who are blind or have low vision. Tactile aids can include raised-line drawings, textured surfaces, 3D-printed models, and laser-cut representations of…

Tactile Diagram(also: Raised Diagram, Embossed Diagram)

A diagram rendered in a tactile format that can be explored through touch, typically using raised lines, textures, and Braille labels on special paper or thermoform plastic. Tactile diagrams are essential for teaching STEM concepts to students with vision impairments,…

Tactile Exhibit(also: Touch Exhibit, Hands-On Exhibit, Tactile Display)

A museum or gallery exhibit designed to be explored through touch rather than sight, allowing visitors to physically interact with objects, models, or replicas. Tactile exhibits are particularly important for accessibility as they enable blind and low-vision visitors to…

Tactile Image(also: Tactile Graphic, Tactile Picture, Touch Image)

A tactile image is a raised or textured representation of a visual image designed to be perceived through touch rather than sight. Tactile images can be produced through various methods including embossing, swell paper (microcapsule paper), Braille printers, thermoforming, and…

Tactile Learning Material(also: Tactile Teaching Aid, Hands-On Learning Material)

Physical educational materials designed to be explored through touch, enabling students with vision impairments to understand concepts that are typically presented visually. Tactile learning materials include raised-line diagrams, 3D models, textured maps, manipulable math…

Tactile Markers(also: Bump Dots, Tactile Labels, Braille Labels)

Physical indicators such as raised dots, textured stickers, or braille labels applied to objects, appliances, and controls to make them identifiable by touch for people who are blind or have low vision. Tactile markers are commonly placed on oven dials, microwave buttons,…

Teachable Object Recognizer(also: Teachable Machine, Personalized Object Recognizer)

A machine learning application that allows end users to train custom object recognition models by providing their own example images, rather than relying on pre-trained models with fixed categories. In accessibility contexts, teachable object recognizers empower blind and…

Teacher with Vision Impairment(also: TVI, Visually Impaired Teacher, Blind Teacher)

An educator who is blind or has low vision and teaches in educational settings, often in schools for the blind where they share the lived experience of their students. TVIs are particularly prominent in the Global South, where residential schools for the blind employ significant…

Text Modification(also: Text Formatting, Text Presentation Modification)

Changes to the visual presentation or formatting of text to improve readability without altering the actual content. Text modifications include adjustments to font type, size, color, spacing, line height, background color, text alignment, and column width. Research with people…

Text Reflow(also: Content Reflow, Responsive Text)

The ability of text content to rearrange and wrap within its container when the viewport is resized or text is zoomed, so that users can read without horizontal scrolling. Text reflow is essential for users with low vision who magnify content, as well as for mobile users on…

Text Scaling Assistive Service(also: TSAS, Font Size Scaling)

An Android platform service that allows users to increase or decrease the size of text displayed across applications. Text Scaling Assistive Service is critical for users with low vision who need larger text to read content comfortably. Apps that fail to support TSAS properly…

Tritanomaly(also: Tritan Anomalous Trichromacy)

A rare type of colour vision deficiency where the short-wavelength (blue) cone cells have a shifted sensitivity range. Tritanomaly results in reduced ability to distinguish blue from yellow. It is the rarest form of anomalous trichromacy and is less commonly addressed in…

Tritanopia(also: Tritan Dichromacy, Blue-Blind)

A rare type of colour vision deficiency caused by the complete absence of short-wavelength (blue) cone cells in the retina. People with tritanopia have difficulty distinguishing blue from yellow and blue from green. Tritanopia is much less common than protan or deutan CVD types…

Typography(also: Typographic Design)

The art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and visually appealing. In accessibility contexts, typography encompasses font selection, size, weight, spacing (letter spacing, word spacing, line height), alignment, and contrast. Research has…

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