Glossary

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CIE L*a*b*(also: CIELAB, Lab Color Space, CIE Lab)

A perceptually uniform colour space defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1976, where the numerical distance between two colour values approximates the perceived visual difference between those colours. The three dimensions are L* (lightness, from…

CIE LUV(also: CIELUV, CIE 1976 L*u*v*)

A perceptually uniform color space defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) that separates color into luminance (L*) and two chromaticity coordinates (u* and v*). Unlike RGB, which is tied to display hardware and not perceptually uniform, equal distances in…

CSS Box Model(also: Box Model)

A fundamental concept in CSS that describes how HTML elements are rendered as rectangular boxes with four distinct areas: content (the actual text or image), padding (space between content and border), border (the edge around the padding), and margin (space outside the border…

Classical Aesthetics(also: Classical Design Aesthetics)

A dimension of visual aesthetics in web design characterised by simplicity, clarity, orderliness, and visual cleanness. Classical aesthetic principles are rooted in early visual design traditions that prioritise clean layouts, minimal complexity, and clear organisation of…

Color Adaptive Graphics(also: Colour Adaptive Graphics)

A technique for automatically adjusting the colours in graphical content so that objects maintain similar colour contrast relative to their reference background colours, regardless of the viewing context. Unlike recolouring approaches that focus on preserving the author's…

Color Contrast(also: Colour Contrast, Contrast Ratio)

The difference in luminance between foreground text (or UI components) and their background, measured as a ratio. WCAG 2.1 requires a minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text at Level AA, and 7:1 for normal text and 4.5:1 for large text at Level…

Color Gamut(also: Colour Gamut, Gamut)

The complete range of colours that can be represented or reproduced by a particular colour space, display device, or visual system. In the context of colour vision, a trichromat's gamut encompasses the full range of colours perceivable by typical human vision, while a…

Color Space(also: Colour Space, Color Model)

A mathematical model that describes the range of colours that can be represented as numerical values, typically using three or more coordinates. Common colour spaces include RGB (red, green, blue), used in digital displays; CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, key/black), used in…

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