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• Usability, Demography, and Directions for W4A

  Alan F. Newell · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This provocative keynote paper from Alan Newell at the University of Dundee challenges the web accessibility community to broaden its focus beyond technical compliance for people with sensory and motor disabilities to address the much larger population of digitally excluded…

  aging · digital divide · usability · web accessibility · digital inclusion

• Web accessibility and people with dyslexia: a survey on techniques and guidelines

  Vagner Figueredo de Santana, Rosimeire de Oliveira, Leonelo Dell Anhol Almeida, Maria Cecília Calani Baranauskas · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the state of the art on dyslexia and web accessibility, synthesising findings from academic research, dyslexia organisations (particularly the British Dyslexia Association), and practitioner guidance into a consolidated set of 41…

  dyslexia · cognitive accessibility · web accessibility guidelines · readability · inclusive design

• Layout Guidelines for Web Text and a Web Service to Improve Accessibility for Dyslexics

  Luz Rello, Gaurang Kanvinde, Ricardo Baeza-Yates · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents evidence-based layout guidelines for making web text more readable for people with dyslexia, derived from a user study with 22 dyslexic participants and a matched control group. The study is notable for being the first to combine eye-tracking data with…

  dyslexia · readability · typography · eye tracking · text presentation

• Methodology for Identifying and Solving Accessibility Related Issues in Web Content Management System Environments

  Juan Miguel López, Afra Pascual, Cristina Menduiña, Toni Granollers · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents a nine-step iterative methodology for identifying and resolving accessibility issues in web content management system (CMS) environments. The authors address the growing problem that while CMSs like OpenCMS and Typo3 enable non-technical users to manage web…

  content management systems · WCAG compliance · ATAG · web accessibility · evaluation methods

• Certification or Conformance: Making a Successful Commitment to WCAG 2.0

  Suzette Keith, Nikolaos Floratos, Gill Whitney · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  Commissioned by ANEC (the European consumer voice in standardisation), this study examined whether voluntary self-declaration or third-party certification of web accessibility conformance translates into actual compliance with WCAG 2.0. The researchers selected 100 websites from…

  WCAG compliance · accessibility evaluation · certification · conformance testing · e-government

• A Challenge to Web Accessibility Metrics and Guidelines: Putting People and Processes First

  Martyn Cooper, David Sloan, Brian Kelly, Sarah Lewthwaite · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This influential paper argues that web accessibility is not an intrinsic property of a digital resource but a relational quality determined by the interaction between users, resources, and contexts — shaped by political, social, cultural, and technical factors. The authors…

  accessibility theory · accessibility policy · WCAG compliance · user experience · disability studies

• Guidelines, Icons and Marketable Skills: An Accessibility Evaluation of 100 Web Development Company Homepages

  Teresa D. Gilbertson, Colin H. C. Machin · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This study examined whether web development companies that market accessibility as a skill actually practice what they preach, by evaluating the homepages of 100 UK web development companies selected from Google searches across four geographic regions. Each homepage was tested…

  web accessibility · WCAG compliance · developer awareness · conformance testing · accessibility evaluation

• Understanding Web Accessibility and Its Drivers

  Yeliz Yesilada, Giorgio Brajnik, Markel Vigo, Simon Harper · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This highly cited study surveyed over 300 people with an interest in web accessibility to investigate how the community defines accessibility, what motivates people to work on it, and which definitions are most widely accepted. The authors note that the accessibility community…

  accessibility theory · accessibility definitions · user experience · usability · accessibility policy

• Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Tool to Support Novice Auditors

  Christopher Bailey, Elaine Pearson · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper evaluates the Accessibility Evaluation Assistant (AEA), a web-based knowledge management tool designed to help novice auditors conduct accessibility evaluations, by comparing it against standard WCAG 2.0 conformance review. The AEA was developed at Teesside University…

  accessibility evaluation · accessibility education · WCAG compliance · evaluation tools · accessibility training

• Using Acceptance Tests to Validate Accessibility Requirements in RIA

  Willian Massami Watanabe, Renata P. M. Fortes, Ana Luiza Dias · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper addresses a significant gap in automated accessibility testing: the inability of traditional static HTML evaluation tools to assess Rich Internet Applications (RIA) that use Ajax, JavaScript, and dynamically generated DOM content. The authors propose using acceptance…

  automated testing · acceptance testing · continuous integration · rich internet applications · keyboard accessibility

• A Macroscopic Web Accessibility Evaluation at Different Processing Phases

  Nádia Fernandes, Luís Carriço · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper investigates a fundamental question about automated accessibility evaluation: does it matter whether you evaluate a web page as it arrives from the server (before browser processing) or as the user actually experiences it (after browser processing, including…

  automated testing · large-scale evaluation · web accessibility · browser processing · dynamic content

• Developing a Semantic User and Device Modeling Framework That Supports UI Adaptability of Web 2.0 Applications for People with Special Needs

  Philip Ackermann, Carlos A. Velasco, Christopher Power · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents a semantic modeling framework for dynamically adapting web 2.0 application interfaces based on user preferences and device capabilities, developed within the EU-funded I2Web (Inclusive Future-Internet Web Services) project. The framework addresses a growing…

  adaptive interfaces · user modeling · device modeling · personalization · semantic web

• An Intuitive Accessible Web Automation User Interface

  Yury Puzis, Yevgen Borodin, Faisal Ahmed, I. V. Ramakrishnan · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes and evaluates an intuitive web automation interface designed specifically for blind screen reader users. The authors observe that while the visual web has become increasingly sophisticated, assistive technology has not kept pace — blind users face high…

  web automation · screen readers · blind users · form filling · user study

• Why Read if You Can Skim: Towards Enabling Faster Screen Reading

  Faisal Ahmed, Yevgen Borodin, Yury Puzis, I. V. Ramakrishnan · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper investigates how to bring the speed-reading technique of skimming — widely used by sighted readers to quickly get the gist of content — to blind screen reader users who face chronic information overload when listening to web content sequentially. The authors observe…

  screen readers · skimming · speed reading · blind users · text summarization

• Mobile Sign Language Translation System for Deaf Community

  Mehrez Boulares, Mohamed Jemni · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from the University of Tunis presents a mobile web service for translating written text into sign language using a 3D virtual signing agent on Android devices. The system addresses two interrelated accessibility challenges: deaf and hard of hearing people with low…

  sign language · deaf accessibility · mobile accessibility · machine translation · signing avatar

• ABCD SW: Autistic Behavior & Computer-based Didactic Software

  M. Claudia Buzzi, Marina Buzzi, Davide Gazzè, Caterina Senette, Maurizio Tesconi · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This demo paper from IIT-CNR in Pisa presents ABCD SW, an open-source web application designed to support Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) intervention with low-functioning autistic children. The software implements Discrete Trial Training (DTT) — a structured teaching method…

  autism · cognitive accessibility · augmentative and alternative communication · educational technology · assistive technology

• Towards Ubiquitous Accessibility: Capability-based Profiles and Adaptations, Delivered via the Semantic Web

  Matthew Tylee Atkinson, Matthew J. Bell, Colin H. C. Machin · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from Loughborough University proposes using semantic web technologies (RDF and OWL) to deliver capability-based user profiles and adaptive accessibility solutions across devices and platforms. The authors argue that the current assistive technology landscape is…

  adaptive interfaces · personalization · semantic web · user modeling · assistive technology

• Getting One Voice: Tuning Up Experts' Assessment in Measuring Accessibility

  Silvia Mirri, Paola Salomoni, Ludovico A. Muratori, Matteo Battistelli · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper addresses a fundamental challenge in web accessibility evaluation: how to reconcile the subjective assessments of multiple human experts into a single, reliable accessibility measurement. While automated testing tools produce binary pass/fail results for detectable…

  accessibility metrics · accessibility evaluation · manual evaluation · automated testing · expert assessment

• Alipi: A Framework for Re-Narrating Web Pages

  T. B. Dinesh, S. Uskudarli, Subramanya Sastry, Deepti Aggarwal, Venkatesh Choppella · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper introduces Alipi, a distributed and participatory framework for re-narrating web pages to make them more accessible to diverse audiences. The name "alipi" means "print illiterate" in Kannada and other Indian subcontinent languages, reflecting the project's origins in…

  social accessibility · web accessibility · crowdsourcing · localization · multilingual accessibility

• MIPAW: Modele of a Progressive Implementation of Web Accessibility

  Jean-Pierre Villain, Olivier Nourry · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents MIPAW (Modele of a Progressive Implementation of Web Accessibility), a framework for reorganizing WCAG criteria into a user-centric, phased implementation model. The authors, who lead the AccessiWeb reference list — the most widely implemented WCAG-based…

  WCAG implementation · progressive enhancement · accessibility strategy · quality assurance · accessibility evaluation

• AMAri: A Reporting Interface for Accessibility Evaluations

  Silvia Mirri, Matteo Casadei, Ludovico A. Muratori, Matteo Battistelli, Paola Salomoni · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This short paper presents AMAri (Accessibility Monitoring Application Reporting Interface), an open-source web-based tool designed to make large-scale accessibility evaluation data understandable and actionable for distributed web authoring and editorial teams. AMAri sits on top…

  accessibility monitoring · accessibility evaluation · data visualization · accessibility tools · reporting

• Evaluating the Accessibility of Rich Internet Applications

  Nádia Fernandes, Daniel Costa, Sergio Neves, Carlos Duarte, Luís Carriço · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper addresses a critical gap in automated accessibility evaluation: most tools only assess the initial HTML served to the browser, missing the dynamically generated content that defines modern Rich Internet Applications (RIAs). Web applications using JavaScript and AJAX…

  automated testing · web accessibility · rich internet applications · AJAX · dynamic content

• Alipi: Tools for a Re-Narration Web

  T. B. Dinesh, Venkatesh Choppella · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This companion demo paper to the full Alipi framework paper presents the concrete open-source toolset that implements the re-narration web concept. The authors frame the accessibility challenge around the "next billion" internet users — people who may not be literate in the…

  social accessibility · web accessibility · localization · multilingual accessibility · collaborative accessibility

• Enhancing Learning Accessibility through Fully Automatic Captioning

  Maria Federico, Marco Furini · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes an architecture for automatically generating synchronized captions for video lectures using off-the-shelf automatic speech recognition (ASR) software, aimed at making educational content accessible to hearing impaired students, dyslexic students, ESL (English…

  captioning · speech recognition · education accessibility · deaf and hard of hearing · automatic speech recognition

• Web-Content's Syndication in Sign Language

  Oussama El Ghoul, Nour Ben Yahia, Mohamed Jemni · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper addresses the inaccessibility of web content syndication (RSS feeds) for deaf users, particularly those in developing countries where over 80% of deaf people are illiterate. While RSS and Atom feeds are efficient mechanisms for pushing updated content to users, all…

  sign language · deaf accessibility · avatar technology · RSS · content syndication