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• Arabic web accessibility guidelines: Understanding and use by web developers in Kuwait

  Muhammad Saleem · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This extended abstract describes a doctoral research project aimed at developing and implementing Arabic-language web accessibility resources for developers, web content managers, and designers in Kuwait and the broader Middle East. The paper highlights a significant gap: while…

  web accessibility · Arabic · Kuwait · Middle East · WCAG

• Accessify: An ML Powered Application to Provide Accessible Images on Web Sites

  Shivam Singh, Anurag Bhandari, Nishith Pathak · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This demonstration paper presents Accessify, a browser plugin that uses machine learning to automatically generate alternative text descriptions for all images on a website, injecting them into the page’s DOM so screen readers can access them. The system addresses the persistent…

  alternative text · image accessibility · machine learning · browser extension · computer vision

• Automatic Role Detection of Visual Elements of Web Pages for Automatic Accessibility Evaluation

  Carlos Duarte, Ana Salvado, M. Elgin Akpinar, Yeliz Yeşilada, Luís Carriço · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This short paper presents an approach to automatically detect the visual roles of web page elements — specifically menus and lists — to enable automated accessibility evaluation tools to assess WCAG techniques that require understanding an element’s semantic role, not just its…

  automated testing · web accessibility · WCAG · web page segmentation · navigation

• Exploring Aural Navigation by Screenless Access

  Mikaylah Gross, Joe Dara, Christopher Meyer, Davide Bolchini · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This paper introduces screenless access, a paradigm for browsing aural information architectures using one-handed, in-air gestures recognised by an off-the-shelf Myo armband, freeing blind and visually impaired users from the constraint of holding and touching a smartphone…

  blind · visual impairment · gesture interaction · wearable technology · mobile accessibility

• WebSight: Using AR and WebGL shaders to assist the visually impaired

  Dan Ruta, Louis Jordan, Tom James Fox, Rich Boakes · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This demonstration paper presents WebSight, a browser-based augmented reality system that uses WebGL shaders to process a smartphone’s live camera feed in real time, enhancing visual features to assist people with low vision in navigating real-world environments. An estimated…

  augmented reality · low vision · visual impairment · WebGL · edge detection

• How Context and User Behavior Affect Indoor Navigation Assistance for Blind People

  João Guerreiro, Eshed Ohn-Bar, Dragan Ahmetovic, Kris Kitani, Chieko Asakawa · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This short paper presents a fine-grained thematic analysis of user behaviour during indoor assisted navigation to understand when and why navigation errors occur even when the underlying localisation system is accurate. The research uses NavCog, a smartphone-based indoor…

  indoor navigation · blind · orientation and mobility · guide dog · white cane

• Using Ontologies as a Foundation for Web Accessibility Tools

  Jens Pelzetter · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This extended abstract proposes using formal ontologies — machine-readable knowledge representations using languages like OWL (Web Ontology Language) — as the foundation for web accessibility tools, addressing two major problems: supporting developers in creating accessible…

  web accessibility · ontologies · WCAG · knowledge representation · automated testing

• Internet of Things (IoT) as Assistive Technology: Potential Applications in Tertiary Education

  Scott Hollier, Shadi Abou-Zahra · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This short paper explores how consumer Internet of Things (IoT) devices could serve as assistive technology for students with disabilities in tertiary education, based on qualitative interviews with five students representing hearing, mobility, print, low vision, and…

  Internet of Things · assistive technology · higher education · W3C · voice assistant

• Vocal Programming for People with Upper-Body Motor Impairments

  Lucas Rosenblatt, Patrick Carrington, Kotaro Hara, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This paper presents VocalIDE, a prototype voice-based integrated development environment (IDE) designed to enable people with upper-body motor impairments to write and edit computer code using speech commands rather than a keyboard. Only 4% of professional programmers have…

  speech recognition · motor impairment · cerebral palsy · spinal cord injury · programming education

• Semantic Content Analysis Supporting Web Accessibility Evaluation

  Carlos Duarte, Inês Matos, Luís Carriço · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses a fundamental limitation of automated web accessibility evaluation tools: their inability to assess whether text alternatives actually describe the content they refer to. While tools can detect the presence of an alt attribute on an image, they cannot judge…

  automated testing · alternative text · semantic analysis · machine learning · image recognition

• Adaptable User Interfaces for People with Autism: A Transportation Example

  Claudia De Los Rios Perez · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This demonstration paper presents early-stage research into developing an accessibility framework for adaptable user interfaces tailored to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), using public transportation as the application domain. The author argues that while computer…

  autism · adaptive user interface · transportation accessibility · ontology · semantic web

• Reliability Aware Web Accessibility Experience Metric

  Shuyi Song, Jiajun Bu, Chengchao Shen, Andreas Artmeier, Zhi Yu, Qin Zhou · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper introduces RA-WAEM (Reliability Aware Web Accessibility Experience Metric), a novel approach to measuring website accessibility that incorporates actual user experience from people with disabilities while accounting for the varying reliability of different evaluators.…

  accessibility metrics · user experience · accessibility evaluation · machine learning · web accessibility

• Multi-view Mouth Renderization for Assisting Lip-reading

  Andrea Britto Mattos, Dario Augusto Borges Oliveira · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents an assistive tool that uses Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to enhance video for people who rely on lip-reading. The core problem is that lip-readers generally prefer a frontal view of a speaker's face, but in real-world video the speaker may be…

  lip-reading · hearing impairment · Deaf and hard of hearing · deep learning · generative adversarial networks

• Detecting Autism Based on Eye-Tracking Data from Web Searching Tasks

  Victoria Yaneva, Le An Ha, Sukru Eraslan, Yeliz Yesilada, Ruslan Mitkov · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates whether eye-tracking data collected during everyday web tasks can be used to distinguish between people with and without autism, potentially enabling a low-cost, accessible screening approach. The study collected gaze data from 15 adults with clinically…

  autism · eye tracking · machine learning · web accessibility · cognitive accessibility

• Designing an Adaptive Web Navigation Interface for Users with Variable Pointing Performance

  Aqueasha Martin-Hammond, Foad Hamidi, Tejas Bhalerao, Christian Ortega, Abdullah Ali, Catherine Hornback, Casey Means, Amy Hurst · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates how to design adaptive web navigation interfaces for people who experience variable pointing ability — difficulty using a mouse to click targets on screen that fluctuates over time due to conditions like early-stage Parkinson's disease, age-related…

  adaptive user interface · motor impairment · pointing · assistive technology · web navigation

• Making "Making" Accessible

  Amy Hurst · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This keynote abstract presents Amy Hurst's research program on making DIY (Do-It-Yourself) assistive technology creation accessible to end-users, clinicians, and caregivers. The talk addresses a fundamental problem: a large percentage of assistive technologies end up unused or…

  DIY assistive technology · 3D printing · digital fabrication · assistive technology abandonment · maker movement

• A4U - An Approach to Evaluation Considering Accessibility and Usability Guidelines

  Leandro Agostini do Amaral, Renata Pontin de Mattos Fortes, Thiago Jabur Bittar · 2018 · Proceedings of the 24th Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web (WebMedia 2018)

  This short paper presents A4U (Ambiente de Analise de Avaliacoes de Acessibilidade e Usabilidade), a web-based environment that integrates accessibility and usability evaluation into a single workflow. The authors argue that the relationship between usability and accessibility…

  accessibility testing · usability testing · integrated evaluation · WCAG · HHS guidelines

• Towards Accessible Conversations in a Mobile Context for People who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing

  Dhruv Jain, Rachel Franz, Leah Findlater, Jackson Cannon, Raja Kushalnagar, Jon Froehlich · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18)

  This paper presents two studies examining the communication needs of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) people in mobile contexts (walking, transit, recreational activities) and the potential for head-mounted display (HMD) captions to address those needs. Prior research on DHH…

  deaf and hard of hearing · real-time captioning · augmented reality · head-mounted display · mobile accessibility

• Incorporating Social Factors in Accessible Design

  Kristen Shinohara, Jacob O. Wobbrock, Wanda Pratt · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18)

  This paper investigates how professional designers can incorporate social factors into accessible design using Design for Social Accessibility (DSA), a framework developed in prior work by Shinohara and Wobbrock. The core premise is that accessible design has traditionally…

  design methodology · social accessibility · inclusive design · user-centered design · visual impairment

• Simulation of Motor Impairment in Head-Controlled Pointer Fitts' Law Task

  Syed Asad Rizvi, Ella Tuson, Breanna Desrochers, John Magee · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18)

  This poster paper proposes simulating motor impairments in a head-controlled mouse pointer system (Camera Mouse) to address the challenge that participants with motor impairments are not always available for accessibility research or software development testing. The Camera…

  motor impairment · simulation · head tracking · alternative input · Fitts' law

• Tangicraft: A Multimodal Interface for Minecraft

  David Bar-El, Thomas Large, Lydia Davison, Marcelo Worsley · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18)

  This demonstration paper presents Tangicraft, a work-in-progress multimodal interface designed to enable visually impaired children to play and collaborate in Minecraft, one of the world's most popular video games with over 121 million copies sold. Like most commercial games,…

  game accessibility · visual impairment · children · haptic feedback · tangible interface

• Help Kiosk: An Augmented Display System to Assist Older Adults to Learn How to Use Smart Phones

  Zachary Wilson, Helen Yin, Sayan Sarcar, Rock Leung, Joanna McGrenere · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18)

  This demonstration paper presents Help Kiosk (HK), a system that uses a large 19-inch touchscreen display to temporarily augment a smartphone's small screen during learning episodes for older adults. The system addresses two converging trends: rapidly growing populations of…

  aging · mobile accessibility · digital literacy · learning · older adults

• Assistive Debugging to Support Accessible LaTeX Based Document Authoring

  Ahtsham Manzoor, Murayyiam Parvez, Suleman Shahid, Asim Karim · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18)

  This demonstration paper presents ALAP (Accessible LaTeX-based Authoring and Presentation), an open-source extension to the TeXlipse Eclipse plugin that makes LaTeX document authoring more accessible for blind researchers and writers. LaTeX is widely used for scientific and…

  mathematical accessibility · LaTeX · blind and low vision · text-to-speech · document authoring

• Design and Evaluation of a Multimodal Science Simulation

  Brianna J. Tomlinson, Prakriti Kaini, Siyan Zhou, Taliesin L. Smith, Emily B. Moore, Bruce N. Walker · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18)

  This demonstration paper presents a multimodal version of PhET's John Travoltage interactive physics simulation, designed to support learners with and without visual impairments in exploring static electricity concepts. The key design goal was creating a single simulation with…

  STEM accessibility · sonification · multimodal interface · visual impairment · science education

• Gaze Typing using Multi-key Selection Technique

  Tanya Bafna · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18)

  This student research competition paper presents a multi-key selection technique for gaze typing that significantly speeds up text input for people with extreme motor disabilities such as full body paralysis. Traditional gaze typing uses dwell time — the user must fixate on each…

  eye tracking · gaze interaction · text entry · motor disability · paralysis