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• Drop-Down Menu Widget Identification Using HTML Structure Changes Classification

  Humberto Lidio Antonelli, Rodrigo Augusto Igawa, Renata Pontin De Mattos Fortes, Eduardo Henrique Rizo, Willian Massami Watanabe · 2018 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)

  This paper addresses a critical gap in web accessibility: the widespread failure of interactive widgets in rich internet applications (RIAs) to implement WAI-ARIA markup, rendering them inaccessible to screen reader users and other assistive technology users. The authors propose…

  ARIA · web accessibility · machine learning · widgets · automated testing

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Web Accessibility: Is Conformance Evaluation a Way Forward?

  Shadi Abou-Zahra, Judy Brewer, Michael Cooper · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This short paper from three W3C/WAI staff members explores the potential and limitations of applying artificial intelligence to improve web accessibility, proposing accessibility conformance evaluation as a strategic pathway to accelerate AI adoption in this domain. The authors…

  artificial intelligence · web accessibility · WCAG · automated testing · machine learning

• Web Accessibility Evaluation in a Crowdsourcing-Based System with Expertise-Based Decision Strategy

  Shuyi Song, Jiajun Bu, Ye Wang, Zhi Yu, Andreas Artmeier, Lianjun Dai, Can Wang · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This short paper presents a crowdsourcing-based web accessibility evaluation system that addresses the scalability bottleneck in manual accessibility evaluation: expert evaluators are scarce (training takes years) and expensive, yet many WCAG checkpoints cannot be evaluated…

  web accessibility · crowdsourcing · accessibility evaluation · WCAG · automated testing

• Automatic Role Detection of Visual Elements of Web Pages for Automatic Accessibility Evaluation

  Carlos Duarte, Ana Salvado, M. Elgin Akpinar, Yeliz Yeşilada, Luís Carriço · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This short paper presents an approach to automatically detect the visual roles of web page elements — specifically menus and lists — to enable automated accessibility evaluation tools to assess WCAG techniques that require understanding an element’s semantic role, not just its…

  automated testing · web accessibility · WCAG · web page segmentation · navigation

• Using Ontologies as a Foundation for Web Accessibility Tools

  Jens Pelzetter · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This extended abstract proposes using formal ontologies — machine-readable knowledge representations using languages like OWL (Web Ontology Language) — as the foundation for web accessibility tools, addressing two major problems: supporting developers in creating accessible…

  web accessibility · ontologies · WCAG · knowledge representation · automated testing

• Semantic Content Analysis Supporting Web Accessibility Evaluation

  Carlos Duarte, Inês Matos, Luís Carriço · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses a fundamental limitation of automated web accessibility evaluation tools: their inability to assess whether text alternatives actually describe the content they refer to. While tools can detect the presence of an alt attribute on an image, they cannot judge…

  automated testing · alternative text · semantic analysis · machine learning · image recognition

• Reliability Aware Web Accessibility Experience Metric

  Shuyi Song, Jiajun Bu, Chengchao Shen, Andreas Artmeier, Zhi Yu, Qin Zhou · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper introduces RA-WAEM (Reliability Aware Web Accessibility Experience Metric), a novel approach to measuring website accessibility that incorporates actual user experience from people with disabilities while accounting for the varying reliability of different evaluators.…

  accessibility metrics · user experience · accessibility evaluation · machine learning · web accessibility

• Examining Image-Based Button Labeling for Accessibility in Android Apps through Large-Scale Analysis

  Anne Spencer Ross, Xiaoyi Zhang, James Fogarty, Jacob O. Wobbrock · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18)

  This paper presents the first large-scale analysis of mobile app accessibility, focusing specifically on label-based accessibility barriers in image-based buttons across 5,753 free Android apps. The researchers analyzed three classes of interactive image-based buttons —…

  mobile accessibility · Android · screen readers · image labeling · large-scale analysis

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