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• Introducing Game Elements in Crowdsourced Video Captioning by Non-Experts

  Hernisa Kacorri, Kaoru Shinkawa, Shin Saito · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from CUNY Graduate Center and IBM Research Tokyo presents a gamified crowdsourcing platform for video captioning that combines ASR output with non-expert human transcription to improve caption accuracy without monetary rewards. The system builds on the Collaborative…

  captioning · crowdsourcing · deaf and hard of hearing · gamification · automatic speech recognition

• The role of accessibility in a universal web

  Shawn Lawton Henry, Shadi Abou-Zahra, Judy Brewer · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  Written by leaders of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI), this communications paper clarifies the relationship between web accessibility and broader concepts like universal design, inclusive design, and design for all. The authors argue that while accessibility research…

  universal design · web accessibility · inclusive design · situational limitations · mobile accessibility

• Evaluation of DysWebxia: A Reading App Designed for People with Dyslexia

  Luz Rello, Ricardo Baeza-Yates · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents the evaluation of DysWebxia, an iOS reading application specifically designed for people with dyslexia. The app integrates evidence-based text presentation features known to improve reading performance for people with dyslexia — including customizable font…

  dyslexia · reading accessibility · text simplification · lexical simplification · mobile accessibility

• The United States' Legislative Impact on eAccessibility: What the European Union Can Learn

  Robert Huffaker · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper compares accessibility legislation and enforcement mechanisms in the United States and European Union, examining how each region's legal framework impacts website accessibility for people with disabilities. The author traces the evolution of US accessibility law from…

  accessibility law · policy · Section 508 · ADA · European Union

• Remote IT Education for Senior Citizens

  Hironobu Takagi, Akihiro Kosugi, Tatsuya Ishihara, Kentarou Fukuda · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses the challenge of teaching IT skills to senior citizens in Japan, where the elderly population ratio has reached 25% nationally and up to 40% in some regions. The authors identified that peer teaching — skilled seniors teaching unskilled seniors — is the most…

  aging · digital literacy · digital divide · education · remote learning

• Overcoming the New Accessibility Challenges Using the Sweet Framework

  Gollapudi VRJ Sai Prasad, T. B. Dinesh, Venkatesh Choppella · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper argues for a broader definition of web accessibility that extends beyond disability to encompass linguistic, socio-cultural, and cognitive barriers faced by all users, a concept the authors call "New Accessibility." The research proposes a social semantic web…

  web inclusion · crowdsourcing · renarration · linguistic accessibility · cultural accessibility

• Intelligent Assistive Communication and the Web as a Social Medium

  Karl Wiegand · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This short paper presents doctoral research on applying natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning to improve augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, with a particular focus on enabling web-based social interaction for people with severe speech…

  augmentative and alternative communication · AAC · natural language processing · machine learning · social media accessibility

• Friendsourcing the Unmet Needs of People with Dementia

  João Martins, José Carilho, Oliver Schnell, Carlos Duarte, Francisco M. Couto, Luís Carriço, Tiago Guerreiro · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents a system that combines automatic smartphone-based lifelogging with friendsourcing — a form of crowdsourcing limited to a trusted social network — to create a cognitive prosthesis for people with dementia (PwD). With an estimated 35 million people affected…

  dementia · cognitive prosthesis · friendsourcing · crowdsourcing · reminiscence therapy

• Marker-Assisted Recognition of Dynamic Content in Public Spaces

  Andréa Britto Mattos, Ricardo Herrmann, Carlos Cardonha, Diego Gallo, Priscilla Avegliano, Sergio Borger · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from IBM Research Brazil presents an image processing system that helps visually impaired and situationally disabled people (such as tourists in foreign countries) recognize dynamic content displayed on public information boards. The system addresses a common…

  computer vision · visual impairment · object recognition · fiducial markers · public spaces

• Towards Making Mathematics a First Class Citizen in General Screen Readers

  Volker Sorge, Charles Chen, T. V. Raman, David Tseng · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents a comprehensive approach to integrating mathematical speech translation into ChromeVox, Google's open-source screen reader for the Chrome browser and Chrome OS. The authors address the fundamental challenge that mathematical notation on the web exists in…

  screen readers · mathematics accessibility · MathML · ChromeVox · text-to-speech

• Are Users the Gold Standard for Accessibility Evaluation?

  Amaia Aizpurua, Myriam Arrue, Simon Harper, Markel Vigo · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper critically examines whether user testing with blind users is a reliable "gold standard" for web accessibility evaluation. Drawing on an exploratory study with 11 legally blind participants (10 JAWS users, 1 VoiceOver user, ages 21-64) who navigated four restaurant…

  user testing · accessibility evaluation · blind users · screen readers · research methodology

• A survey of open accessibility data

  Chaohai Ding, Mike Wald, Gary Wills · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper surveys the landscape of open accessibility data in the UK, focusing on geographic and location-based datasets that could help people with disabilities navigate physical spaces and plan travel. The authors examine five data sources: Wheelmap (a crowdsourced map of…

  open data · linked data · accessible travel · crowdsourcing · semantic web

• Making Arabic PDF books accessible using gamification

  Hend AlRouqi, Hend S. Al-Khalifa · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses the inaccessibility of Arabic PDF books for people with visual impairments, blindness, and dyslexia. Most online Arabic books are scanned images of printed originals, making them unreadable by screen readers and text-to-speech software. Arabic OCR technology…

  document accessibility · gamification · crowdsourcing · OCR · Arabic accessibility

• Measuring and comparing the reliability of the structured walkthrough evaluation method with novices and experts

  Christopher Bailey, Elaine Pearson, Voula Gkatzidou · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates the reliability of the Structured Walkthrough evaluation method — a systematic approach to manual accessibility evaluation embedded in the Accessibility Evaluation Assistant (AEA) tool. The AEA contains 48 accessibility heuristics organised into five…

  accessibility testing · web accessibility evaluation · WCAG compliance · evaluator effect · accessibility education

• Exploratory study of web navigation strategies for users with physical disabilities

  J. Eduardo Pérez, Myriam Arrue, Xabier Valencia, Lourdes Moreno · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This exploratory study examined the web navigation strategies of 11 users with upper-body physical impairments, revealing substantial heterogeneity in how people with similar disability types interact with websites. Participants used a wide range of assistive input devices…

  motor accessibility · physical disability · assistive technology · web navigation · input devices

• Marker-based image recognition of dynamic content for the visually impaired

  Andréa Britto Mattos, Carlos Cardonha, Diego Gallo, Priscilla Avegliano, Ricardo Herrmann, Sergio Borger · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from IBM Research Brazil introduces a marker-based image recognition technique to help visually impaired people access information displayed on public panels and boards with fixed layouts but dynamic content — such as vending machines, split-flap airport displays,…

  computer vision · visual impairment · mobile accessibility · object recognition · situational disability

• Wizard-of-Oz evaluation of speech-driven web browsing interface for people with vision impairments

  Vikas Ashok, Yevgen Borodin, Svetlana Stoyanchev, Yuri Puzis, I. V. Ramakrishnan · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents a Wizard-of-Oz study with 24 blind participants to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of speech-driven web browsing as an alternative to traditional keyboard-based screen reader interaction. The study was motivated by three key shortcomings of current…

  blindness · screen readers · speech interface · voice interface · web navigation

• JustSpeak: enabling universal voice control on Android

  Yu Zhong, T. V. Raman, Casey Burkhardt, Fadi Biadsy, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper introduces JustSpeak, a universal voice control system for Android that works across all applications without requiring any developer intervention. Unlike Google Now or Siri, which only support pre-defined commands for specific apps, JustSpeak dynamically constructs…

  voice interface · mobile accessibility · blindness · motor accessibility · Android

• Helping students keep up with real-time captions by pausing and highlighting

  Walter S. Lasecki, Raja Kushalnagar, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses a fundamental problem with real-time captioning for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students: the mismatch between speaking rates (approximately 170 words per minute) and reading rates, which causes students to fall progressively behind the live content. The…

  deaf and hard of hearing · captioning · real-time captioning · education · inclusive classrooms

• An analysis of personalized web accessibility

  Nádia Fernandes, Nikolaos Kaklanis, Konstantinos Votis, Dimitrios Tzovaras, Luís Carriço · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents an experimental study comparing generic (all-disabilities) web accessibility evaluations with personalized evaluations tailored to specific disability profiles. Using the WaaT (Web Accessibility Assessment Tool) evaluator, the authors assessed 39 home pages…

  accessibility testing · automated evaluation · personalization · accessibility metrics · WCAG compliance

• APSIS4all: Personalisation as a Strategy to Ensure Accessibility and Enhance User Experience of Public Digital Terminals

  R. Ignacio Madrid, Christopher Bailey · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents the APSIS4all project, a European Commission-funded initiative that uses personalisation to make Public Digital Terminals (PDTs) — specifically ATMs and Ticket Vending Machines (TVMs) — accessible to people with disabilities, older adults, and those less…

  kiosk accessibility · personalization · public digital terminals · ATM accessibility · user experience

• Accessibility and Smart Data: the Case Study of mPASS

  Catia Prandi · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This doctoral consortium paper presents mPASS (mobile Pervasive Accessibility Social Sensing), a research project from the University of Bologna that applies the concept of Smart Data to urban accessibility. The paper argues that while crowdsourcing and personal sensing generate…

  accessible maps · crowdsourcing · smart data · urban accessibility · user modeling

• 'The new accessibility panic': Remaining challenges to the achievement of Australia's National Transition Strategy

  Denise Wood, Scott Hollier · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper examines the Australian Government's progress toward its 2010 National Transition Strategy (NTS), which mandated that all federal, state, and territory websites achieve WCAG 2.0 Level AA conformance by the end of 2014. Drawing on content analysis of government blog…

  web accessibility · government accessibility · accessibility policy · WCAG compliance · accessibility training

• Listen to Everything You Want to Read with Capti Narrator

  Yevgen Borodin, Yuri Puzis, Andrii Soviak, James Bouker, Bo Feng, Richard Sicoli, Andrii Melnyk, Valentyn Melnyk, Vikas Ashok, Glenn Dausch, I.V. Ramakrishnan · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents Capti Narrator, a cross-platform text-to-speech application developed by Charmtech Labs that enables hands-free consumption of digital content. Unlike traditional screen readers that are tightly coupled to operating system interfaces, Capti is designed as a…

  text-to-speech · print disability · screen reader · mobile accessibility · universal access

• Can a Blind Person Understand Your World?

  Chieko Asakawa · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This keynote paper by Chieko Asakawa of IBM Research presents a vision for the next frontier of accessibility for blind people: moving from digital information access to real-world understanding through cognitive computing. Asakawa charts the exponential growth of accessible…

  blindness · cognitive assistance · image recognition · computer vision · machine learning