Glossary

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Corneal Reflection(also: Pupil-Center Corneal Reflection, PCCR)

An eye tracking technique that works by shining a near-infrared light at the eye and measuring the relationship between the reflection off the cornea (the bright spot called the glint) and the center of the pupil. As the eye rotates to look at different screen positions, the…

Dwell Activation(also: Dwell Click, Dwell Selection)

An input method where an action is triggered by maintaining focus on a target for a specified period of time (the dwell time). Commonly used with eye tracking and head tracking systems, dwell activation allows users to select items without needing to physically click. While…

Dwell-Based Selection(also: Dwell Selection, Dwell Time Selection)

An interaction technique used in eye-gaze and head-tracking interfaces in which holding the cursor over a target for a fixed duration (the 'dwell time', typically 300-1000 ms) triggers a selection, replacing the click action that a mouse user would perform. Dwell-based selection…

Electrooculogram(also: EOG, Electrooculography)

The electrooculogram (EOG) is a technique for measuring the electrical potential difference between the front and back of the eye using surface electrodes placed around the eyes. This corneal-retinal potential (CRP) varies linearly with eye rotation along both horizontal and…

Eye Cursor(also: Gaze Cursor)

A visual indicator displayed on screen that shows where an eye tracking system has determined the user is currently looking. The eye cursor serves the same function as a mouse cursor but is controlled by eye gaze rather than hand movement. Because eye gaze is inherently less…

EyeDraw(also: Eye Draw)

A software application developed at the University of Oregon that enables people with severe motor impairments, particularly children, to create freehand drawings using eye movements tracked by an eye tracker. EyeDraw uses a two-state interaction model where users alternate…

Fixation Duration(also: Fixation Time, Gaze Duration)

The length of time the eye remains relatively still on a specific point in a visual display during reading or visual processing. In eye-tracking research, fixation duration is a key metric for measuring cognitive processing load and readability — shorter fixations are associated…

Fovea(also: Foveal Vision, Fovea Centralis)

The small, central area of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision, covering approximately 1 degree of visual angle. The fovea contains the highest density of cone photoreceptors and provides the clearest visual acuity, which is why people move their eyes to point the…

Gaze(also: Eye Gaze, Gaze Direction, Point of Regard)

The direction in which a person is looking, typically measured as the point of visual fixation on a display or in a physical environment. Gaze tracking technology captures where users look and for how long, enabling gaze-based input for motor-impaired users who cannot use…

Gaze Interaction(also: Gaze-Based Interaction, Gaze Input, Eye Gaze Control)

Gaze interaction is a method of controlling computers and devices by tracking where a person is looking on the screen. Using eye-tracking technology, the system detects the user's point of gaze and translates it into cursor movement or selection actions, often combined with…

Gaze Reinstatement(also: Gaze Reinstatement Effect, Looking-at-Nothing Paradigm)

Gaze reinstatement is the cognitive phenomenon in which a person mentally recalling or imagining a previously seen scene reproduces, on a blank or unrelated surface, eye movement patterns similar to those made when the scene was first viewed. The effect was demonstrated through…

Gaze Typing(also: Eye Typing, Gaze-Based Text Entry, Eye-Typing)

A text input method that uses eye tracking technology to allow users to type by looking at keys on a virtual on-screen keyboard. The most common technique is dwell-based selection, where the user fixates on a letter for a set duration (typically 300-1000 milliseconds) to select…

Gazepoint(also: Gaze Point, Point of Gaze)

The specific point on a screen or surface where a person is looking at any given moment, as determined by an eye tracking system. The gazepoint is calculated from the gaze vector — the line extending from the eye to the display — and is typically reported as x,y coordinates. Eye…

Heat Map(also: Heatmap, Attention Map, Gaze Map)

A data visualization technique that uses colour intensity to represent the distribution and density of user attention or interaction on a page or interface. In eye tracking research, heat maps aggregate fixation data from multiple users, with warmer colours (red, orange)…

Infant-Computer Interaction(also: Baby-Computer Interaction)

The design and study of technology interfaces intended for use by infants, typically under 24 months of age. Infant-computer interaction presents unique challenges compared to other user populations because infants cannot be instructed, cannot provide explicit feedback about…

Midas Touch Problem(also: Midas Touch Effect)

The Midas Touch problem is a well-known challenge in gaze-based and dwell-time-based computer interfaces where everything the user looks at or pauses the cursor over is interpreted as a selection command. Named after King Midas who turned everything he touched to gold, the…

Midas Touch Problem(also: Midas Touch, Gaze Cursor Problem)

A fundamental challenge in eye-gaze interaction where every object a user looks at becomes unintentionally selected, because the eyes serve dual purposes: looking at objects to perceive them and looking at objects to interact with them. Named after King Midas who turned…

Point-of-Gaze(also: POG, Gaze Point, Point of Regard)

Point-of-gaze is the location on a display, scene, or object at which a user's eye is currently fixating, typically reported by an eye tracker as a stream of (x, y) screen coordinates sampled at rates between 30 and several hundred hertz. Raw point-of-gaze data is noisy and…

Regression(also: Regressive Saccade, Regressive Eye Movement)

In the context of reading and eye tracking, a regression is a backward eye movement (right-to-left in left-to-right scripts) where the reader returns to previously read text. Regressions typically occur when a reader has difficulty understanding a word or passage and needs to…

Visual Evoked Potential(also: VEP, Visually Evoked Response, VERP)

A visual evoked potential (VEP) is an electrical signal generated by the brain's visual cortex in response to a visual stimulus, typically a flash of light or a pattern change. VEPs are measured using electrodes placed over the occipital lobe and extracted from background EEG…

Zoom Interface(also: Zoom Screen, Zoomable User Interface, ZUI)

A user interface technique that allows users to magnify a portion of the screen to increase the effective size of interface elements, making them easier to select with low-precision pointing devices such as eye trackers or head mice. Unlike simple screen magnification for low…

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