Glossary

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Accessibility Annotation(also: A-Annotation, Accessibility Metadata)

External metadata added to a web page to describe its visual layout structure, content groupings, and element roles for the purpose of improving accessibility without modifying the original page. Accessibility annotations typically identify visually distinct groups on a page,…

Accessibility Commons(also: AC Repository, AC Metadata Repository)

A shared metadata repository and schema proposed in 2008 by IBM, the University of Washington, Stony Brook University, and the University of Manchester to let accessibility-remediation research projects publish and reuse externally authored fixes for inaccessible web content. An…

Accessibility Metadata(also: A11y Metadata, Accessibility Annotations)

Structured information that describes the accessibility features, hazards, or access modes of digital content. Accessibility metadata can be embedded within content (such as alt text in HTML) or stored externally in separate databases or annotation systems. External…

Application Profile(also: Metadata Application Profile)

A customization of an existing metadata standard that selects, constrains, or extends elements to meet the requirements of a particular community or application. In accessibility, application profiles are used to add accessibility-specific properties to general-purpose metadata…

Digital Resource Description(also: DRD, Resource Accessibility Description)

Digital Resource Description (DRD) is a component of the AccessForAll framework (standardized in ISO 24751 and IMS AccessForAll) that provides a structured way to describe the accessibility properties and available adaptations of digital learning resources. For each resource,…

Exif(also: Exchangeable Image File Format, EXIF)

A standard metadata format embedded within image files (JPEG, TIFF, and others) that stores information about how an image was created, including camera model, date, GPS coordinates, and orientation. Exif data travels with the image file through most sharing and editing…

Learning Object Metadata(also: LOM, IEEE LOM)

A data model used to describe learning resources, standardized by IEEE (IEEE 1484.12.1). Learning Object Metadata defines a set of elements organized into categories including general, lifecycle, technical, educational, and rights information. For accessibility, LOM is…

Linked Data(also: Linked Open Data, LOD)

A method of publishing structured data on the web so that it can be interlinked and queried across different sources using standard web technologies such as URIs and RDF (Resource Description Framework). In accessibility contexts, linked data has been proposed as a way to…

Metadata

Data that provides structured information about other data or digital content. In accessibility, metadata plays a critical role in describing the accessibility features and characteristics of digital resources — for example, indicating whether a document has alternative text for…

Metadata Repository(also: Metadata Store, Metadata Registry)

A server-side system that stores and serves descriptive data about other resources — in accessibility contexts, typically information about web pages or their elements that helps assistive technology render them more usably. A metadata repository lets multiple tools share the…

RDF(also: Resource Description Framework)

A W3C standard for describing resources on the web using a graph-based data model of subject-predicate-object triples. RDF provides a foundation for the Semantic Web by enabling machine-readable metadata that can describe relationships between web resources, including…

SCORM(also: Sharable Content Object Reference Model)

A set of technical standards for e-learning software products, originally developed by the Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) initiative. SCORM defines how learning content is packaged, sequenced, and communicated with Learning Management Systems (LMS), enabling…

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