Glossary

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ATutor

ATutor is an open-source web-based Learning Management System (LMS) developed at the University of Toronto's Adaptive Technology Resource Centre (ATRC, now the Inclusive Design Research Centre) with accessibility as a founding design principle. Created in the early 2000s to…

AccessForAll(also: Access For All, AfA)

AccessForAll is an accessibility framework originating from the IMS Global Learning Consortium and later standardized by ISO, based on the principle that accessibility is best achieved by matching content and environments to individual users' needs and preferences rather than…

Blended Learning(also: B-Learning, Hybrid Learning, Mixed-Mode Learning)

An educational approach that combines online digital media and methods with traditional face-to-face classroom activities. Blended learning integrates the flexibility and self-pacing of e-learning with the social interaction and immediacy of in-person instruction, allowing…

Digital Resource Description(also: DRD, Resource Accessibility Description)

Digital Resource Description (DRD) is a component of the AccessForAll framework (standardized in ISO 24751 and IMS AccessForAll) that provides a structured way to describe the accessibility properties and available adaptations of digital learning resources. For each resource,…

E-Learning(also: Electronic Learning, eLearning, Online Learning)

Education and training delivered through digital technologies, primarily via the internet and computer-based platforms. E-learning encompasses a range of approaches from fully online courses to supplementary digital materials, enabling learners to access content at their own…

Educational Video(also: Instructional Video, Video Lecture)

Video content created to teach - including talking-head lectures, screencasts, animations, hand-drawn (Khan-style) explanations, recorded classroom sessions, programming/coding demonstrations, interviews, and slide-based presentations. Accessibility of educational video depends…

IMS Content Packaging(also: IMS CP, Content Package)

IMS Content Packaging is a specification from the IMS Global Learning Consortium that defines a standard way to bundle and exchange digital learning content between different learning management systems and educational platforms. A content package consists of a manifest file…

ISO 24751(also: ISO/IEC 24751, Individualized Adaptability and Accessibility in E-Learning)

ISO 24751 (Individualized Adaptability and Accessibility in E-Learning, Education and Training) is an international standard for matching the accessibility features of digital learning resources and environments to the needs and preferences of individual learners. Published in…

Moodle

An open-source learning management system (LMS) used worldwide by universities, schools, and workplaces for course delivery, assessment, and content hosting. Moodle supports accessibility through themes that meet WCAG, an Accessibility Toolkit plugin for content checking, and an…

Personal Needs and Preferences(also: PNP, Learner Preferences Profile, Access Needs Profile)

Personal Needs and Preferences (PNP) is a component of the AccessForAll framework (standardized in ISO 24751 and IMS AccessForAll) that provides a structured way to describe an individual learner's accessibility requirements and interaction preferences. A PNP profile specifies…

SCORM(also: Sharable Content Object Reference Model)

A set of technical standards for e-learning software products, originally developed by the Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) initiative. SCORM defines how learning content is packaged, sequenced, and communicated with Learning Management Systems (LMS), enabling…

Video-Based Learning(also: VBL, video-based instruction, VBI)

The use of pre-recorded or streaming video as a primary medium for teaching skills, procedures, or concepts, ranging from YouTube how-to tutorials and MOOCs to specialised instructional content like safety training and vocational education. Video-based learning offers self-paced…

Virtual Learning Environment(also: VLE, Learning Management System, LMS)

A web-based platform designed to support teaching and learning by providing tools for content delivery, communication, assessment, and course management. Virtual learning environments typically include features such as discussion forums, assignment submission, gradebooks, and…

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