Glossary

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Akinesia(also: Poverty of Movement)

The loss or impairment of the ability to initiate voluntary movement, distinct from muscle weakness or paralysis. In Parkinson's Disease, akinesia manifests as difficulty starting movements, reduced spontaneous movements like blinking or arm swing while walking, and a mask-like…

Bradykinesia(also: Slowness of Movement)

Bradykinesia is a motor symptom characterized by slowness of movement and a progressive reduction in the speed and amplitude of repetitive actions. It is one of the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease and directly affects a person's ability to interact with digital devices…

Freezing of Gait(also: FOG, Gait Freezing, Motor Blocks)

A common and debilitating symptom of Parkinson's Disease in which a person suddenly and temporarily feels as though their feet are glued to the floor, despite intending to walk. Freezing episodes typically last seconds to minutes and are a major cause of falls and loss of…

Micrographia(also: Small Handwriting)

A condition characterized by abnormally small, cramped handwriting that often becomes progressively smaller within a line or paragraph. Micrographia is a common early sign of Parkinson's Disease, resulting from the same motor control difficulties that cause bradykinesia. The…

Mobility Assessment(also: Mobility Evaluation, Gait Assessment)

A clinical evaluation that quantifies a person's movement capabilities, including walking pattern, balance, and motor performance. Mobility assessments are used to diagnose conditions like Parkinson's Disease, monitor disease progression, and plan treatment. Traditional…

Motor Fluctuation(also: On-Off Phenomenon, Wearing Off, On-Off Periods)

Variations in motor function experienced by people with Parkinson's Disease, typically related to medication timing. During 'on' periods when medication is working optimally, motor symptoms are controlled; during 'off' periods as medication wears off, symptoms like tremor,…

Rigidity(also: Muscle Rigidity, Stiffness)

Increased muscle tone causing stiffness and resistance to passive movement, commonly experienced in Parkinson's Disease and other neurological conditions. Unlike spasticity (which varies with movement speed), rigidity is constant throughout the range of motion. Rigidity affects…

Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(also: UPDRS, MDS-UPDRS)

A standardized clinical assessment tool used to measure the severity and progression of Parkinson's Disease across multiple domains: mental, behavioral, and mood; activities of daily living; motor examination; and treatment complications. The scale is administered by healthcare…

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