Glossary

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Manipulable UI Component(also: Interactive UI Component, Actionable UI Element)

An on-screen user-interface element that can be acted upon by the user — tapped, clicked, toggled, dragged, or typed into — as distinct from purely informational elements such as static text or images. Common examples include buttons, icons, text buttons, checkboxes, switches,…

Mobile Accessibility(also: Mobile A11y)

The practice of ensuring that mobile applications, websites, and devices are usable by people with disabilities. Mobile accessibility encompasses touchscreen interaction for blind and motor-impaired users, responsive design for various screen sizes and orientations,…

Mobile App Accessibility(also: Mobile Accessibility, App Accessibility)

The practice of designing and developing mobile applications so they can be used effectively by people with disabilities, including those using assistive technologies such as screen readers (TalkBack on Android, VoiceOver on iOS), switch controls, or voice input. Mobile…

Motor Impairment(also: Motor Disability, Physical Disability, Movement Impairment)

A condition that affects a person ability to control physical movements, including fine motor skills (small precise movements like typing) and gross motor skills (larger movements like reaching). Motor impairments can result from conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular…

Multi-Factor Authentication(also: MFA, 2FA, Two-Factor Authentication)

An authentication pattern that requires two or more verification factors — something you know (password), have (phone, token), or are (biometric) — to confirm a user's identity. MFA substantially reduces account compromise from stolen passwords. Accessibility considerations…

Multi-Modal(also: Multi-Modality, Multimodal Interaction)

An approach to presenting information or enabling interaction through multiple sensory channels simultaneously, such as combining visual, auditory, and tactile outputs. In accessibility, multi-modal design is particularly valuable because it allows users to access information…

Multimodal Content(also: Multi-Modal Media)

Content that combines multiple forms of media—such as text, images, audio, video, and interactive elements—to convey information. Multimodal content can enhance accessibility by providing multiple pathways to understanding, but it can also create accessibility barriers when…

Multimodal Instruction(also: Multimodal Feedback, Multimodal Learning)

An instructional approach that combines two or more sensory modalities - such as verbal narration, non-verbal sound, haptic or tactile feedback, and visual demonstration - to convey information. In accessibility, multimodal instruction is used to replace or supplement…

Multimodal Output(also: Multi-Modal Output, Cross-Modal Output)

The simultaneous presentation of information through multiple sensory channels or formats, such as audio, visual, tactile, and text-to-speech, allowing users to choose the modality or combination of modalities that best suits their abilities and preferences. In accessible…

Multisensory(also: Multisensory Design, Multisensory Interaction)

An approach to design and interaction that engages multiple human senses — such as sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste — to convey information and create richer experiences. In accessibility, multisensory design is valuable because it provides alternative channels for…

MusicXML

An open, XML-based standard format for representing Western musical notation, enabling the exchange of sheet music between different music notation software applications. MusicXML encodes the structural and visual elements of a musical score in a machine-readable format, making…

Musicking

A term coined by musicologist Christopher Small to describe music as an activity or process rather than a thing. Musicking encompasses all participation in a musical performance—playing, listening, dancing, composing, practicing, and providing the setting—and emphasizes that…

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