Glossary

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UI Semantics(also: User Interface Semantics, Interface Semantics)

The meaningful properties and roles of user interface elements that go beyond their visual appearance, including what an element does, how it can be interacted with, and its relationship to other elements. UI semantics are essential for accessibility because assistive…

Universal Access Reference Model(also: UARM)

A conceptual framework for understanding and addressing the full range of user needs in information and communication technology. The Universal Access Reference Model provides a structured approach to identifying and removing barriers to accessibility by modelling the…

Universal Design(also: UD, Design for All, Inclusive Design)

Universal Design is the design philosophy and practice of creating products, environments, and systems that are usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. Originating in architecture through the work of Ronald…

Upper Ontology(also: Foundation Ontology, Top-level Ontology)

An upper ontology is a high-level, domain-independent ontology that describes very general concepts — such as 'object', 'role', 'event', 'time', or, in a web-accessibility context, generic structural roles like 'menu', 'navigation', 'content region', or 'decoration'. It is…

User Interface Management System(also: UIMS)

A software framework that separates user interface presentation and interaction from application logic, allowing the interface to be designed, modified, or replaced independently of the underlying program. A UIMS typically manages input handling, output rendering, and the…

User-System Model(also: User-System Interaction Model)

A conceptual model that describes the relationship between a user and the technology system they interact with, taking into account the user's abilities, preferences, and needs alongside the system's capabilities, interfaces, and constraints. In accessibility engineering,…

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