Glossary

Search results

Bharati Braille(also: Indian Braille)

A unified Braille standard for writing text in Indian languages using the six-dot Braille format. Bharati Braille assigns the same Braille cell to phonetically equivalent characters across different Indian languages (Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, etc.), meaning that a reader familiar…

Braille Authority of North America(also: BANA)

The standards-setting body responsible for establishing braille codes and guidelines for the production of braille materials in the United States and Canada. BANA publishes guidelines for tactile graphics, braille formatting, and specialized braille codes for mathematics, music,…

Braille Cell(also: Braille Character, Six-Dot Cell)

The fundamental unit of the Braille writing system, consisting of a rectangular arrangement of up to six raised dots in a 3x2 matrix (three rows, two columns). Each dot position is numbered 1-6, with dots 1-3 in the left column (top to bottom) and dots 4-6 in the right column.…

Braille Embosser(also: Braille Printer)

A specialized printer that produces braille text and tactile graphics by pressing raised dots into heavy paper or card stock. Braille embossers range from personal devices to high-volume production machines and vary in their ability to produce graphics versus text-only output.…

Braille Input(also: Braille Keyboard Input, Braille Screen Input)

A text entry method that allows users to type characters using Braille code on a device, rather than a standard QWERTY keyboard. On touchscreen devices, Braille input typically maps finger taps or gestures to the six dots of a Braille cell, enabling blind users who know Braille…

Braille Mathematics(also: Math Braille, Braille Math Notation)

The various systems of Braille codes designed specifically to represent mathematical expressions, formulas, and notation in a tactile format readable by blind individuals. Because standard literary Braille does not have enough symbols to represent the full range of mathematical…

Braille Music Notation(also: Braille Music, Braille Music Code)

A tactile system for representing musical notation using the six-dot braille cell, encoding pitch, duration, dynamics, and other musical information for blind and visually impaired musicians. Unlike standard visual music notation which is two-dimensional (horizontal for time,…

Braille Translation(also: Braille Transcription, Text-to-Braille Translation)

The process of converting printed text or digital text content into Braille, either manually by a trained transcriber or automatically using software such as Duxbury. Braille translation involves more than simple character substitution — it requires knowledge of Braille codes,…

Braille Translator(also: Braille translation software)

Software that converts print text (and sometimes marked-up content such as LaTeX or MathML) into correctly formatted Braille output, applying contractions, code switches, and page-layout rules. Braille translators are essential to every alternative-format production pipeline,…

9 results.