Glossary

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Ballot Design(also: Accessible Ballot Design)

The layout and interaction design of the form through which voters select and cast their choices, covering paper ballots, electronic voting machines, and online interfaces. Well-studied accessibility and usability principles for ballot design include randomising the order of…

Barrage Test(also: Cancellation Test, Visual Search Test)

A standardized neuropsychological assessment that measures selective and sustained visual attention by requiring participants to identify and mark target items among distractors on a page. Barrage tests vary in visual complexity, with more complex versions testing the ability to…

Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia(also: BPSD, Behavioural Disturbance, Neuropsychiatric Symptoms)

A range of non-cognitive symptoms and behaviours associated with dementia, including agitation, aggression, wandering, repetitive behaviours, sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, delusions, and hallucinations. BPSD affects up to 90% of people with dementia at some point…

Bionic Reading(also: Bionic Font, Bold Fixation Points)

A typographic technique that bolds the first few letters of each word to create artificial fixation points, guiding the eye through text more quickly and helping maintain reading focus. The technique leverages the brain ability to complete word recognition from partial visual…

Body Doubling(also: Parallel Working, Co-Working for Focus)

A productivity and focus strategy commonly used by people with ADHD and other executive function challenges, where having another person present — physically or virtually — helps with task initiation and sustained attention. The other person does not need to assist with the…

Borderline Intellectual Functioning(also: BIF, borderline intellectual disability, slow learners)

A condition describing individuals with IQ scores roughly between 70 and 85—above the diagnostic threshold for intellectual disability (IQ below 70) but below the neurotypical range. Representing about 13.6% of the general population, BIF individuals typically have working…

Brain Fog(also: Cognitive Fog, Mental Fog)

Brain fog is a term used to describe a cluster of cognitive symptoms including difficulty concentrating, memory problems, mental fatigue, and reduced clarity of thought. It is commonly associated with chronic conditions such as fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, long COVID,…

Brain Injury(also: Acquired Brain Injury, ABI)

Damage to the brain that occurs after birth, resulting from trauma, stroke, infection, tumour, or other causes. Brain injuries can affect physical, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning, potentially causing difficulties with movement, memory, attention, communication, and…

Broad-Shallow Interface(also: Broad-Shallow UI, Single-Page Interface)

A user interface design pattern that presents a large amount of information on fewer screens, typically requiring scrolling to view all content. Most mainstream apps, including Google Calendar, use this approach. While efficient for experienced users who can quickly scan and…

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