Glossary

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Bidirectional Interface(also: BiDi Interface, RTL Interface)

A user interface designed to support both left-to-right (LTR) and right-to-left (RTL) text directions, essential for languages such as Arabic, Hebrew, Farsi, and Urdu. Bidirectional interfaces must handle not only text direction but also the mirroring of layout elements,…

Internationalization(also: i18n)

The process of designing and developing software, websites, or applications so that they can be adapted to different languages, regions, and cultural conventions without requiring engineering changes. Internationalization involves architectural decisions such as supporting…

Kanji(also: Han Characters (in Japanese))

Logographic characters of Chinese origin used in the Japanese writing system alongside the two syllabic scripts, hiragana and katakana. Modern Japanese uses about 2,000-3,000 commonly-occurring kanji, but the full character set exceeds 10,000 glyphs, and historical or literary…

Multilingual Accessibility(also: Multilingual Web Accessibility)

The practice of ensuring that web content and digital services are accessible to people with disabilities across multiple languages and cultural contexts. Multilingual accessibility sits at the intersection of web accessibility and web localization, recognising that translated…

Multilingualism(also: Multilingual Accessibility, Language Diversity)

The use of or support for multiple languages within a system, platform, community, or society. In the context of digital accessibility, multilingualism refers to the design and development of websites and applications that can present content and interfaces in multiple…

Ruby Annotation(also: Ruby Text, Furigana, Ruby Markup)

Small glossing text placed above, beside, or below a base character to indicate pronunciation or meaning — most commonly used for Japanese furigana (kana reading hints above kanji), but also applied in Chinese bopomofo/pinyin, Korean hangul aids, and multilingual teaching…

Web Localization(also: Website Localization, L10n)

The process of adapting a website for a specific locale or market, going beyond text translation to include technical and visual modifications such as adjusting layouts for different text directions, adapting date and currency formats, and modifying images and multimedia for…

Web Localization(also: L10n, Website Localization)

The process of adapting a website for a specific locale or target audience, going beyond translation to include cultural, visual, and technical elements such as date formats, colors, images, menu sizes, and page structure. In the context of accessibility, web localization…

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