Glossary

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Neurodivergent(also: Neurodiverse Individual, ND)

A term describing individuals whose neurological development and functioning differ from what is considered typical or "neurotypical." Neurodivergent conditions include ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia, dyscalculia, Tourette syndrome, and other neurological differences.…

Neurodivergent Questioning(also: ND Questioning)

A term adapted from gender questioning that describes people who are in the process of figuring out how to describe and label their neurocognitive functioning and who have reason to think they might be neurodivergent, but have not yet received or pursued a formal diagnosis.…

Neuronormative(also: Neuronormativity)

The assumption that neurotypical cognitive patterns — such as sustained linear attention, consistent daily productivity, conventional social communication, and predictable emotional regulation — represent the default or ideal way of functioning. Neuronormative standards are…

Neuronormativity(also: Neurotypical bias, Neuronormative standards)

The set of assumptions, norms, and practices that privilege neurotypical cognition as the default and superior way of thinking, communicating, and functioning, while treating neurodivergent ways of processing as deficient or deviant. Neuronormativity manifests in technology…

Neuroqueer Technoscience

A theoretical framework, developed by Nick Walker and extended in HCI by Barros Pena, Williams and others, that builds on crip technoscience and the neuroqueer paradigm to position neurodivergent people as active agents who remake worlds, technologies, and social relations.…

Neurotype

A classification of minds based on patterns of neurological functioning. The term encompasses both neurotypical (conforming to dominant neurological norms) and neurodivergent (diverging from those norms, including autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and other neurological variations).…

Neurotypical Masking(also: Masking, Social Camouflaging)

The practice of neurodivergent individuals consciously or unconsciously suppressing their natural behaviours and adapting their communication style to conform to neurotypical social expectations. In accessibility contexts, some neurodivergent people use AI chatbots to help with…

Noise sensitivity(also: Sound sensitivity, Auditory hypersensitivity)

A condition in which sounds that most people find tolerable are experienced as disproportionately distressing, overwhelming, or physically painful. Noise sensitivity exists on a spectrum from mild annoyance to extreme pain, and is common among neurodivergent individuals…

Non-visible disability(also: Hidden disability, Non-apparent disability)

A disability that is not immediately apparent to others through visual observation. Non-visible disabilities include neurodivergent conditions (autism, ADHD, dyslexia), mental health conditions (anxiety, depression, PTSD), chronic pain, chronic fatigue, diabetes, epilepsy, and…

Nonverbal Learning Disorder(also: NVLD, Nonverbal Learning Disability, NLD)

A neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with visual-spatial processing, motor coordination, and social skills, while verbal abilities are typically a relative strength. People with NVLD may struggle with interpreting visual information, understanding spatial…

Normative Language(also: Normativity in Assessment)

Language in assessment tools, questionnaires, or descriptions that implicitly establishes neurotypical or non-disabled experience as the standard against which all responses are measured. In emotional dysregulation measures, normative language includes loaded adjectives like…

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