Glossary

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Agnosia

A neurological condition in which a person has difficulty recognising familiar objects, faces, places, sounds, or other sensory stimuli despite intact basic sensory function and general cognition. Specific subtypes include visual agnosia (difficulty recognising objects or…

Alzheimer's Disease(also: Alzheimer's, AD)

A progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases. Alzheimer's disease causes gradual decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning skills, eventually affecting the ability to perform everyday activities. The condition…

Amnesia(also: Memory Loss, Amnestic Disorder)

A neurological condition characterised by the partial or complete inability to recall past experiences (retrograde amnesia) or to form new memories (anterograde amnesia). Amnesia results from damage to brain structures responsible for memory processing, commonly caused by…

Anomia(also: Word-finding difficulty, Anomic aphasia)

Anomia is a language impairment characterized by difficulty retrieving words during speech, particularly the names of objects, people, or actions. It is the most common symptom across all types of aphasia and can also occur as a standalone condition (anomic aphasia). In…

Anterograde Amnesia

A form of amnesia in which a person is unable to form new memories following the onset of the condition, while memories from before the injury or illness may remain largely intact. Anterograde amnesia typically results from damage to the hippocampus or surrounding medial…

Aphantasia(also: Mind Blindness)

Aphantasia is a neurological condition in which a person is unable to voluntarily create mental images or visualize objects, people, or scenes in their mind. It affects an estimated 2-5% of the population and exists on a spectrum from reduced imagery to complete absence. In…

Apraxia(also: Apraxia of Speech, Childhood Apraxia of Speech, CAS)

A motor speech disorder in which the brain has difficulty coordinating the muscle movements needed to produce speech, despite the muscles themselves not being weak. The person knows what they want to say but their brain has difficulty planning and sequencing the precise…

Ataxia(also: Cerebellar Ataxia)

A neurological condition characterized by impaired coordination and control of voluntary movements, typically caused by damage to the cerebellum or its connections. People with ataxia may experience unsteady gait, tremors, slurred speech, and difficulty with fine motor tasks…

Ataxia-Telangiectasia(also: A-T, Louis-Bar Syndrome)

A rare, inherited, progressive neurological disorder that typically appears in early childhood and causes increasing difficulties with movement, coordination, and immune function. Children with A-T usually begin walking at a typical age but experience progressive ataxia (loss of…

Athetoid Cerebral Palsy(also: dyskinetic cerebral palsy, athetosis)

A type of cerebral palsy characterized by involuntary, slow, writhing movements (athetosis) that affect the face, trunk, and limbs. It accounts for about 10-15% of cerebral palsy cases and results from damage to the basal ganglia. People with athetoid cerebral palsy often…

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