Glossary

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Adaptive Sports(also: Para Sports, Disability Sports, Adapted Sports)

Sports that have been modified or specifically designed to enable participation by people with disabilities, including modifications to rules, equipment, or playing environments. Adaptive sports range from wheelchair versions of mainstream sports (basketball, rugby, tennis) to…

Beepball(also: Beep Baseball, Blind Baseball)

An adaptive version of baseball designed for players who are blind or visually impaired. The game uses a softball modified with a sound sensor that emits a beeping sound, and bases that buzz when activated, allowing players to locate the ball and bases through auditory cues. All…

Blind Sports(also: Visually Impaired Sports)

Athletic activities designed for or adapted to enable participation by people who are blind or have low vision. These sports rely on non-visual cues, particularly sound, to make gameplay accessible — for example, blind hockey uses a puck with ball bearings inside to produce…

Exercise Accessibility(also: Fitness Accessibility, Accessible Physical Activity)

The design of exercise environments, equipment, programs, and technologies to be usable by people with disabilities. Exercise accessibility encompasses both physical spaces (accessible gyms, adapted tracks, swimming pools with lifts) and the technologies and guidance systems…

Para Powerlifting(also: Adaptive Powerlifting, Paralympic Powerlifting)

A Paralympic strength sport in which athletes with physical disabilities perform bench press lifts. Unlike able-bodied powerlifting which includes squat, bench press, and deadlift, para powerlifting focuses solely on the bench press to accommodate athletes with lower limb…

Para-Athlete(also: Disabled Athlete, Adaptive Athlete)

An athlete with a disability who competes in adaptive or Paralympic sports. Para-athletes may have physical disabilities (amputations, spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy), visual impairments, or intellectual disabilities. They compete using adaptive equipment such as…

Paralympic(also: Paralympic Games, Paralympics)

The international multi-sport event for athletes with physical, visual, and intellectual disabilities, organized in parallel with the Olympic Games. The first organized Paralympic Games took place in 1948, with official recognition beginning in 1960. The Paralympic movement…

Sports Analytics(also: Data Analytics in Sports, Performance Analytics)

The use of data collection, statistical analysis, and technology to measure, track, and improve athletic performance, inform coaching decisions, develop game strategies, and enhance the spectator experience. In able-bodied sports, analytics has become a multi-billion dollar…

Wheelchair Basketball

An adaptive version of basketball played by athletes using sport-specific wheelchairs. The game follows similar rules to standing basketball with modifications for wheelchair use, including a classification system that assigns point values to players based on their functional…

Wheelchair Rugby(also: Murderball, Quad Rugby)

A competitive adaptive sport for athletes with impairments affecting all four limbs, originally designed for athletes with quadriplegia. Played on an indoor court, it combines elements of rugby, basketball, and handball. The sport is known for its physicality, with…

Wheelchair Sports

Athletic activities played by athletes who use wheelchairs, either due to mobility impairments or as part of the sport's rules. Common wheelchair sports include basketball, rugby, tennis, racing, and fencing. Competitive wheelchairs are highly customized for each athlete based…

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