Glossary

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Center of Pressure(also: COP, Centre of Pressure)

The point on a surface where the total sum of pressure forces acts, used as a key measure in balance and postural stability assessment. In standing balance evaluation, COP is measured using force plates or pressure-sensing devices like the Nintendo Wii Balance Board. COP path,…

Clinical Reasoning(also: CR)

The cognitive and reflective process by which healthcare clinicians — particularly physical and occupational therapists — individualize care under patient and contextual uncertainty. Clinical reasoning blends analytic processes (hypothetico-deductive generation, pattern…

Cognitive Orthotic(also: Cognitive Orthosis, Cognitive Support Device)

A cognitive orthotic is an assistive technology device or system designed to compensate for cognitive impairments by providing external support for functions such as memory, planning, sequencing, and decision-making. Analogous to a physical orthotic that supports a weakened…

Cognitive Rehabilitation(also: Cognitive Rehab, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation)

A structured program of therapeutic activities designed to restore or compensate for cognitive functions impaired by brain injury, stroke, or other neurological conditions. Cognitive rehabilitation targets specific domains such as memory, attention, executive function, language,…

Community-Based Rehabilitation(also: CBR)

Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is a strategy for enhancing the quality of life of people with disabilities by improving service delivery, providing equitable opportunities, and promoting their rights and social inclusion within their own communities. CBR programs operate…

Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy(also: CIMT, CI Therapy, Constraint-Induced Therapy)

A rehabilitation technique for individuals with hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body), typically following stroke. The therapy involves constraining the stronger, unaffected limb—traditionally by placing it in a sling or mitt—while intensively training the weaker,…

Cortical Plasticity(also: Brain Plasticity, Neural Plasticity, Cortical Reorganization)

The brain's ability to reorganize its neural connections and functional organization in response to injury, learning, or environmental changes. In the context of disability and rehabilitation, cortical plasticity is the mechanism by which undamaged brain areas can assume…

Cued Naming Therapy(also: Cued Naming, Cueing Hierarchy Therapy)

A structured aphasia therapy approach in which clinicians provide progressively stronger hints (cues) to help a person retrieve a target word. Cues may be phonological (providing the first sound or syllable), semantic (giving a related word or category), orthographic (showing…

Cueing(also: External Cueing, Sensory Cueing)

In rehabilitation, cueing is the delivery of external sensory stimuli - visual, auditory, or somatosensory - that guide or trigger a motor action. Cueing is used most prominently in Parkinson's disease, where basal ganglia dysfunction impairs internally generated movement…

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