Glossary

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EVITA(also: Enabling Visually Impaired Table Access)

A specialized table browser developed at the University of Manchester designed to enable visually impaired users to navigate, browse, and read HTML data tables non-visually in a manner analogous to how sighted readers interact with tables in print. EVITA provides keyboard-based…

Early Blind(also: Congenitally Blind, Early Onset Blindness)

A person who was born blind or lost their vision before approximately age 5-7, before visual memories and spatial concepts based on vision were fully established. Early blind individuals develop spatial understanding entirely through non-visual senses—touch, hearing,…

Eccentric viewing(also: Preferred retinal locus, PRL)

A viewing strategy used by people with central vision loss (such as from macular degeneration) in which they learn to look slightly off-center to use a healthier area of the retina instead of the damaged macula. The part of the retina they train themselves to use is called the…

Egocentric Spatial Reasoning(also: First-Person Spatial Understanding, User-Relative Spatial Reasoning)

The ability of a system to understand and describe the spatial positions of objects relative to the user's body and perspective, rather than from a bird's-eye or absolute reference frame. For AI systems assisting blind travelers, egocentric spatial reasoning is critical —…

Expanded Core Curriculum(also: ECC)

A specialized curriculum for blind or visually impaired (BVI) students that supplements traditional academics with skills that sighted students typically learn through observation. The ECC covers nine areas of instruction: compensatory skills, sensory efficiency, orientation and…

Eyes-free Interaction(also: Eyes-free Input, Nonvisual Interaction, Eyes-free Interface)

Interaction techniques that allow users to operate devices without looking at the screen or interface. Eyes-free interaction is essential for people who are blind, but also benefits sighted users in contexts where visual attention is unavailable or dangerous, such as while…

Eyes-free interaction(also: Eyes-free interface, Non-visual interaction)

An interaction paradigm in which users operate technology without relying on visual feedback, instead receiving information through auditory, haptic, or other non-visual channels. Eyes-free interfaces are essential for people who are blind or have low vision, but also benefit…

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